填空题 The term "attachment" and "bonding" are often used
interchangeably, even though they had similar implications. 1
However, they have quite distinctive meanings. Bonding actually
refers to the parent"s ties to the infant and thought to occur in the 2
first hours or days of life. Attachment, in contrast, refers to the
relationship between infants and primary caregivers, who develops 3
gradually. Parent to infant bonding has been argued to occur
quite suddenly, especially upon first contact with the infant
immediately after birth. There is no so implication in the term 4
attachment. As with any vital relationship there can be no instant
attachment. Rather, the infant-caregiver relationship builds over time.
It evolves through a series of characteristic phases, with each phase 5
drawing on the one before. In fact, newborn infants are not yet capable
of attachment, since they have few ability to distinguish one person 6
than another and no concept of a permanent object. Because 7
attachment refers to a relationship and not simply an experience,
it is appropriate to say that an attachment relationship has formed 8
until the second half year. Even then the relationship is not fully
formed or fixed. It continues to evolve toward John Bowlby called 9
a "partnership" during the preschool years and to be elaborated
thereafter, From the bonding perspective there are critical moments
just following birth when the parental, tie must be formed. Whether
for mother or father, such experiences are thought to cement the
connection with the infant. Following such an opportunity, a permanent
bond will be formed, without such an opportunity the possibility of
ever forming a bond is called into a question. For better or worse the 10
relationship is fixed and the child"s well-being is thought to hinge upon this.