单选题
A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain (1) both on resources of consumers and on the motives that (2) to encourage or discourage money spending. If an (3) were asked which of three groups borrow most -- people with rising incomes, (4) incomes, or declining incomes -- he would (5) answer: those with declining incomes. Actually, in the years 1997 -2000, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the (6) . This shows us that tradition- al (7) about earning and spending are not always (8) Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will (9) to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. (10) research surveys have shown that this is not always (11) The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One (12) attitude was ex- pressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. (13) , the rise in prices that has al- ready taken place may be resented and buyer's resistance may be evoked. The (14) mentioned above was carried out in America. Investigations (15) at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more (16) traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most contributive to spending (17) to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are (18) , they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common (19) policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of (20) psychology.
单选题
A. assumptions B. ideas C. thoughts D. concepts
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。本句中出现了两处出题点,从第7题选项可以看出这里表示“传统的关于收入和消费的假定或观点”。单从本句来看,四个选项似乎都可以填入空白处,但紧接着下一句中就出现了An- other traditional assumption,是本句中内容的同义复现,由此可以判断这里填入assumptions正确。 [避错指导] idea、thought和concept都有“想法”的意思。其中,idea的使用范围最广;thought一词指明显的智力活动,特别是指经过思考和推理后得出的结论,与单纯的观察、感觉或愿望不同;concept用于大范围内的成形的思想。这三个词放在句中,与下一句的traditional assumption不能构成复现关系,故排除。
单选题
A. comprehensible B. understandable C. responsible D. reliable
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。本文第二段前三句指出:如果一名经济学家被问及收入增加、收入稳定和收入减少的三种人中,哪种人借钱最多。他可能回答是那些收入减少者。事实上,在1997—2000年间,答案是收入增加者借钱最多,收入减少者次之,而收入不变者借钱最少。这说明现在的观点和过去的观点不同。第四句是对前三句进行总结,由句子之间的语义逻辑关系可以推断出traditional assumption(传统假定)是不可靠的。reliable意为“可靠的”,如:It's not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.(单凭容貌来判断一个人是不可靠的。) [避错指导] comprehensible意为“可理解的,能懂的”,understandable意为“可以理解的”,responsible意为“负责的”,均与上下文语义不符。
单选题
A. in comparison with B. in combination with C. in agreement with D. in company with
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 短语辨析题。正确解答本题需要对作者前面陈述的观点进行总结。作者在第二段中指出在美国进行的调查结果,说明了目前人们的观点与传统观点不一致。而本句中出现了however,表示转折,这说明在英国进行的凋查表明他们的观点与美国人的观点不同,由此得出英国人的观点与传统观点是一致的。in agreement with意为“一致”,如:His opinion is in agreement with mine.(他的意见和我的一致。) [避错指导] in comparison with意为“比较,对照”;in combination with意为“与…组合,联合”;in company with意为“和…一起”。这三个短语都没有“与…一致”的含义,因此不符合上下文语境。
单选题
A. appears B. occurs C. happens D. expects
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 词汇辨析题。本文前面谈到在美国当物价上涨时,人们会暂缓购买,而在英国当物价上涨时,人们会赶紧抢购。然后自然过渡到物价稳定的情况——最有助于消费的是物价稳定。appear意为“看来,似乎”,如:Babies of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water.(两个月的婴儿看来不像是不肯下水的。)appear后常跟不定式结构,放在句中既符合语义关系,又符合语法要求。 [避错指导] occur意为“出现”,happen意为“发生”,这两个词不符合本处语义关系。expect意为“期待,期盼”,后常跟不定式结构,但该词的主语是人,如果是物则须使用被动语态,显然不符合此处的语法要求。
单选题
A. available B. obtainable C. reasonable D. responsible
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。本句指出:如果价格稳定,人们认为其…时就可能购买。根据常识可知,只有人们认为价格合理,才会购买。reasonable意为“合理的”,如:This is a reasonable solution to the problem. (这是该问题的一个合理的解决办法。) [避错指导] available意为“可得到的,可利用的”;obtainable意为“可得到的”;responsible意为“有责任的,负责任的”,与上下文语义不符。