In the past, American colleges and universities were created to serve a dual purpose—to advance learning and to offer a chance to become familiar with bodies of knowledge already discovered to those who wished it .To create and to impart, these were the hallmarks of American higher education prior to the most recent, tumultuous (喧嚣的) decades of the twentieth century, The successful institution of higher learning had never been one whose mission could be defined in terms of providing vocational skills or as a strategy for resolving societal problems. In a subtle way Americans 【B1】 _____. What the student obtained in college became beneficial in later life—residually, without direct application in the period after graduation.
Another purpose has now been assigned to the mission of American colleges and universities. Institutions of higher learning—public or private—commonly face the challenge 【B2】 _____.
This service role has various applications. Most common are programs to meet the demands of regional employment markets, 【B3】_____, to achieve racial, ethnic, or social integration, or more generally to produce “productive” as compared to “educated” graduates. Regardless of its precise definition, the idea of a service-university has won acceptance within the academic community.

One need only be reminded of the change in language describing the two-year college to appreciate 【B4】_____. The traditional two-year college is generally called a “community” college, a clearly value-laden expression representing the latest commitment in higher education. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “union card” in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties. The idea of a college or university that performs a triple function-communicating knowledge to students, expanding【B5】_____—has been the most important change in higher education in recent years. 

A. described important changes in higher education relates to curriculum updates.

B. believed postsecondary education to be useful, but not necessarily of immediate use.

C. the services of various fields of study, and the direct relations with the government.

D. of defining their programs in such a way as to contribute to the service of the community.

E. to provide opportunities for upward social and economic mobility.

F. the content of various disciplines, and interacting in a direct relationship with society.

G. the new value currently being attached to the concept of a service-related university.