单选题 Is the literary critic like the poet, responding creatively, intuitively, subjectively to the written word as the poet responds to human experience? Or is the critic more like a scientist, following a series of demonstrable, verifiable steps, using an objective method of analysis?
For the woman who is a practitioner of feminist literary criticism, the subjectivity versus objectivity, or critic-as-artist-or-scientist, debate has special significance; for her, the question is not only academic, but political as well, and her definition will provoke special risks whichever side of the issue it favors. If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific--a valid, verifiable, intellectual method that anyone, whether man or woman, can perform--the definition not only makes the critic-as-artist approach impossible, but may also hinder accomplishment of the utilitarian political objectives of those who seek to change the academic establishment and its thinking, especially about sex roles. If she defines feminist criticism as creative and intuitive, privileged as art, then her work becomes vulnerable to the prejudices of stereotypic ideas about the ways in which women think, and will be dismissed by much of the academic establishment. Because of these prejudices, women who use an intuitive approach in their criticism may find themselves charged with inability to be analytical, to be objective, or to think critically. Whereas men may be free to claim the role of critic-as-artist, women run different professional risks when they choose intuition and private experience as critical method and defense.
These questions are political in the sense that the debate over them will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in a spirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle, in which the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars only now entering the academic profession in substantial numbers will be at stake, and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution to humanistic understanding, a contribution that might be an important influence against sexism in our society.
As long as the academic establishment continues to regard objective analysis as "masculine" and an intuitive approach as "feminine," the theoretician must steer a delicate philosophical course between the two. If she wishes to construct a theory of feminist criticism, she would be well advised to place it within the framework of a general theory of the critical process that is neither purely objective nor purely intuitive. Her theory is then more likely to be compared and contrasted with other theories of criticism with some degree of dispassionate distance. (418 words)

单选题 Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the text?

单选题 According to the author, the debate has special significance for the woman who is a theoretician of feminist literary criticism because

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[注释] 细节理解题。本题问：根据作者的看法，为什么本文提到的辩论对妇女文学评论的理论家具有特殊的意义?第2段第1句和最后1段分别写道：“对于从事女权主义文学评论的妇女来说，这场关于主观性和客观性，评论家作为艺术家还是作为科学家的争论有其特殊的意义。对于女权主义的文学评论家来说，问题不仅是学术性的，而且还是政治性的。”“只要学术机构仍然把客观分析看做‘男子的’，而把直觉方法视为‘女子的’，理论家就必须在这两种观点之间把握好细微的哲学方向。假如她想创立一种女权主义文艺批评理论的话，她最好还是把这种理论置于既不是纯客观又不是纯直觉的一般评论方法的理论框架内。这样，她的理论更可能以某种程度的冷漠态度来与其他的批评理论进行比较与对照。”文章中还写道：“男子可以自由地自称他是像艺术家那样的评论家，而女子选择直觉和个人经验作为评论方法和争辩方法时会冒各种职业风险。”可见，从事文学评论的妇女面临的职业风险不同于从事文学评论的男子所面临的风险。故应选[A]。

单选题 The author specifically mentions all of the following as difficulties that particularly affect women who are theoreticians of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT the

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[注释] 细节辨认题。本题问：作者认为下面哪一点并不是影响妇女文学评论的困难?解这类题的关键是对所找信息进行段落定位。本题所涉及的作为女权文学评论家的妇女所遇到的困难主要在第2段中加以阐述。[A]“男子占统治地位的学术机构有形成对妇女先入为主的倾向”，可参阅第2段倒数第2句：“由于这些偏见，采用直觉方法进行评论的女子可能被认为缺乏分析能力、缺乏客观性或批判性思考的能力”。这些都是对妇女有先入为主的成见。[B]“把评论定义为客观的和科学的时所受到的限制”，参阅第2段第2、3句。[C]“主张艺术特殊性的女理论家的作品可能被某些学者带偏见地加以考虑”，参阅第2段第3句。[D]中写有... treat all forms of feminist theory with hostility，文中未提及。

单选题 It can be inferred that the author would define as "political" (Line 1, Para.3) the questions that

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[注释] 推理判断题。本题问：可以推理作者把哪些问题定义为“政治的”?第3段第1句写道：“这些问题在一定意义上是政治性的：在这些问题上的争论与其说是以一种无私去探索抽象问题的研究精神，还不如说是一场学术性的权力之争。在这场斗争中许多女性学者(只是现在才大量进入学术专业领域)的学术生涯与专业命运将处于危险之中；同时她们也会有对人文科学的理解做出特殊贡献的机遇。这种贡献可能会在我们的社会中反对歧视妇女方面具有重要的影响。”可见，作者认为这些问题之所以是“政治性的”，主要因为它是权力之争。故应选[C]。

单选题 Which of the following is most likely to be one of the "utilitarian political objectives" mentioned by the author?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[注释] 推理判断题。本题问：下面哪一点很可能是作者提到的“功利的政治目标”之一?第2段第2句写道：“如果她把女权主义的评论定义为客观的、科学的，即任何人，不管男女，都能使用的有效的、可证实的、理智的方法，那这种定义不仅使作为艺术家的评论家的观察方法无法实现，而且也可能阻碍那些试图改变学术机构及其思想，特别是关于男女在文学评论中作用的思想的人们，实现其功利主义的政治目的。”可见，[D]“说服学术机构改变其评估女性学者的专业素质”很可能是作者提到的“功利主义的政治目的”之一。