单选题
Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 30 occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 31 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year. The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 32 like home heating and cooking, has remained 33 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 34 it as an 'urgent call to action.' 'One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 35 ,' he said. The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 36 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low- and middle- income countries live in places where they 37 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution. But the problem is not limited 38 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel (柴油) 39 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands. A. ability B. associated C. consciously D. constant E. control F. damage G. described H. equals I. exclusively J. innovated K. regularly L. relates M. sources N. undermine O. vehicles
【答案解析】空格前谓语have和限定词little提示,空格处应填入不可数名词。空格所在定语从句中的关系代词which指代主句中的the air,介词over还原至句中为have little...over the air。根据常识可知,个体无法控制空气,control符合语义,have little control over...意为“无法控制……”,因此选E。
问答题
【正确答案】H
【答案解析】空格所在从句缺少谓语,结合空格后的nearly 1% of GDP,可判断空格处应填入及物动词。本段时态为一般现在时,空格前为名词lost-labor income,因此填入及物动词的第三人称单数形式。备选项中仅有equals符合条件,代入句中,意为“损失的劳动力收入相当于GDP的1%左右”,句意通顺,因此选H。
【答案解析】空格所在句子主谓宾结构完整,推知空格处填入副词,修饰is not limited to。上一段提到空气污染对发展中国家的影响,这一段将论述的对象转移到欧美等发达国家,因此可推断空气污染产生的影响不仅仅局限于发展中国家,exclusively“仅仅”在语气上起进一步强调的作用,代入句中符合上下文语义逻辑,因此选I。