Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
When I ask experienced college teachers and administrators to describe how college students have changed over the years, I often get an answer like this, “Today’s students are more accomplished than past generations, but they are also more emotionally fragile.”
That rings true to me. Today’s students are amazing, but they bathe one another in oceans of affirmation and praise, as if supporting one another against some insecurity. Whatever one thinks of the campus protests, the desire for trigger warnings and safe spaces does seem to originate from a place of emotional fragility.
And if you hang around the middle aged, you hear a common story line to explain the rise of the orchid generation. Once upon a time, the story line goes, kids were raised in a tough environment. They had to do hard manual chores around the house and they got in fights on the playground. Then they went off to do grueling work in the factory or they learned toughness and grit in the military.
But today, helicopter parents protect their children from setbacks and hardship. They supervise every playground conflict, so kids never learn to handle disputes or deal with pain.
Emotional fragility is not only caused by overprotective parenting. It’s also caused by anything that makes it harder for people to find their goals. We are all fragile when we don’t know what our purpose is, when we haven’t thrown ourselves with abandon into a social role, when we haven’t committed ourselves to certain people, when we feel like a swimmer in an ocean with no edge.
If you really want people to be tough, make them idealistic for some cause, make them tender for some other person, make them committed to some worldview that puts today’s temporary pain in the context of a larger hope.
Emotional fragility seems like a psychological problem, but it has only a philosophical answer. People are really tough only after they have taken a leap of faith for some truth or mission or love. Once they’ve done that they can withstand a lot.
According to the first paragraph, compared with the past generations, today’s students are ________.
全文总体分析
文章分为七段。第一至五段说明现在的孩子情感脆弱并指出原因。第六、七段提出了让孩子摆脱脆弱情感的方法。
试题详解
【试题类型】细节题
【题干信息】first paragraph, today’s students
根据题干关键词定位到文章第一段后半部分 Today’s students are more accom- plished than past generations, but they are also more emotionally fragile，即现在的学生比前几 代人有更多的成就，但是情感上也更脆弱。 A 项“现在的学生没有前几代人聪明”、B 项“现 在的学生身体虚弱”均不符合文章意思。 D 项“现在的学生更理想化”在文中找不到相关信 息。 C 项意为“现在的学生比前几代人聪明，但是却没那么坚强”。 很明显，more versatile 是 文中 more accomplished 的同义替换，less tough 是 more emotionally fragile 的同义替换，故 本题选 C。
The following aspects are all the symptoms of today’s students on fragility EXCEPT that they ________.
【试题类型】细节题
【题干信息】fragility, EXCEPT
根据题干关键词定位到文章第二段。 A 项意为“他们靠恭维彼此生存”。 compli鄄 ment 是对文中第二段第二句 they bathe one another in oceans of affirmation and praise 的同 义转换， 故 A 项正确。 B 项意为 “他们可能在大学发起抵抗以表达自己的不满”， 其中 launch campaign 是对文中 protest 的同义替换，express their anger 同义替换 trigger warning， 故 B 项正确。 D 项意为“在面对抗议时，他们渴望安全”，其中 yearn for safety 是 desire for safe spaces 的同义替换，故 D 项正确。 C 项“他们支持彼此的信仰”在原文找不到相关信息， 故本题选 C。
According to Paragraph 3, “orchid generation”________.
【试题类型】细节题
【题干信息】orchid generation
根据题干关键词定位到文章第三段。 分析第三段可知，“兰花一代”并非像之前 孩子那样在严苛的环境里长大，他们不用在家里做繁重的体力劳动，也不用在部队里懂得 什么叫强硬，由此可知 A、D 两项均错误。 B 项意为“兰花一代喜欢部队生活”，文章虽有提 到 military 一词，但其并未提及“兰花一代”热爱部队生活，属无中生有，故 B 项错误，故本 题选 C。
According to the passage, what is NOT the reason why people feel fragile? ________.
【试题类型】细节题
【题干信息】NOT, reason, fragile
根据题干关键词定位到文章第五段。 A 项是对该段第三句 we haven’t thrown ourselves with abandon into a social role 的同义替换，其中，thrown ... into 与 get involved into 表述含义一致， 均意为 “卷入； 投身于”。 B 项 doubt the meaning of life 是对该段第三句 when we don’t know what our purpose is 的同义替换。 D 项 make no promise to someone 是 对该段第三句 we haven’t committed ourselves to certain people 的同义替换。 C 项可定位到 最后一段第一句 Emotional fragility seems like a psychological problem （情感脆弱看上去似 乎是一道心理题），C 项偷换主语概念，表述错误，故本题选 C。
Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text? ________.
【试题类型】主旨题
【题干信息】title
文章指出了现在的孩子情感脆弱的表现：父母对他们的过度呵护和其难以找 到自己的目标。 作者在文章后两段提出了让孩子摆脱情感脆弱的方法，从而变得强硬和坚 毅。 因此 A 项“培养现代人的坚毅品性”符合文意。 B 项“承认情感脆弱”、C 项“在生活中树 立明确的目标”和 D 项“避免父母的过度保护”均是对文章内容的部分概括，较为片面，故本题选 A。
全文重点词汇和短语
administrator n. 管理员
accomplished a. 才华高的；熟练的
fragile a. 脆弱的
affirmation n. 肯定
praise n. 赞美
hang around 踌躇不前
orchid n. 兰花
grueling a. 使极度疲劳的
grit n. 勇气
supervise v. 监督
tender a. 温柔的
psychological a. 心灵的
philosophical a. 哲学的
withstand v. 承受
deal with 解决
with abandon 尽情地
全文翻译
当我问有经验的大学教员和管理人员，这些年来大学生有些什么变化时，我经常听到这样的回答：“现在的学生比前几代人有更多的成就，但是情感上也更脆弱。”
似乎的确是这样。今天的学生很棒，但他们都将彼此浸泡在认可与赞美的海洋里，仿佛是要相濡以沫，共同抵御某种安全感的缺失。无论你怎么看大学校园的抗议活动，对触发警告、安全空间的渴望，看上去的确是源自一种情感的脆弱性。
如果你跟中年人来往，会时不时听到这样一类故事，告诉你“兰花一代”正在到来。他们说，曾几何时，孩子是在严苛的环境里长大的。他们在家里必须完成繁重的体力劳动，还要在游乐场里跟人打架。然后他们会去工厂做苦工，或是在部队里懂得什么叫强硬和坚毅。
但今时今日，“直升机父母”会对孩子百般呵护，让他们避开挫折和艰难。他们会监督每一次的游乐场冲突，让孩子永远无法学会如何处理纠纷或面对痛苦。
父母的过度呵护并非是导致孩子情感脆弱的唯一原因。还可以是因为一些事导致他们难以找到自己的目标。当我们不知道自己的目标在哪里，当我们还没有不顾一切地让自己投身于一个社会角色中，当我们没有对某个人许下承诺，当我们感觉自己就像在一片无边无际的大海里游泳，我们就会变得脆弱。
如果你真想让人变得强硬起来，那就让他们对某个事业产生一种情怀，让他们对某人倾心，让他们去坚守某种世界观，把今天暂时的痛苦置于一种更宏大的希冀的语境中。
情感脆弱看上去是一道心理题，但它的答案只能是哲学的。只有为了某种真理、使命或爱而不顾一切时，一个人才会真正强硬起来。一旦这么做了，他们就能承受很多。