阅读理解
A close analogy to a study design is the rough sketch made by an artist before he commits his vision to canvas(画布). The broad outlines are drawn, the proper perspective achieved, and the total impact of the picture-to-be can be partially appreciated in advance. So it is with the design of research: it specifies in advance the kinds of statements that can be made on the basis of its findings and fixes the perspectives against which these findings are to be evaluated.
One major purpose of this study was to demonstrate whether or not the newer social research techniques could help in broadening and deepening knowledge concerning juvenile delinquency(少年犯罪). Construction of the design was guided by this goal of exploring new methods in the analysis of juvenile delinquency. However, research technique developed in one content area can not be mechanically transferred to another. A new application of them requires substantial changes and it is these innovative modifications which this study offers as its contribution.
Juvenile delinquency has been the subject of many previous studies using a variety of research techniques. This study makes an additional contribution by using a design specially planned to permit a comparison of several approaches.
The drawing up of the study design profited greatly from an extensive survey of previous re searches on crime, undertaken during the earliest stage of the project. It was found that most studies could be classified as belonging to one or more of three broadly conceived types: social background study, family background study and personal motivation study.
Each type has its characteristic design and mode of interpretation and each has produced information of considerable importance. Yet not attempt was made in any of ''the studies to integrate one or more of these three design types. It became apparent that one of the major contributions a pilot study could make to both method and substantive findings would be to bring all three study types together in one design for the purpose of correlating(使相互关联) their findings and evaluating their relative importance in producing data of use to the practitioner.
单选题
In the first paragraph, the author draws an analogy between _______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】事实细节题。题干中的关键词是analogy。根据题干要求浏览the first paragraph，可以在第一句找到analogy，这是大纲中的六级词汇。在不明其意的情况下，我们可以根据上下文语境进行猜测。第一句中出现了a study design 和 the rough sketch made by an artist两种事物，从第二句中的The broad outlines are drawn可以看出该句与第一句中的the rough sketch有关，第三句中的the design of research即为第一句中的a study design。很明显，这三句话的关系是“总-分-分”结构，而且作者意在将a study design和the rough sketch进行比较，因此可以排除选项[D]。而文章强调的是对study/research的design，因此选项[C]与文章相符。analogy意为“类比，相似之处”；draw an analogy between是指“把(二者)加以相比，指出…之间的相似处”。
单选题
The word "project "(Line 2, Para. 4) refers to" _______".
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】语义理解题。首先在第四段第一句中找到project，然后根据上下文进行理解。这句话是说，the study design的拟成在很大程度上得益于an extensive survey of previous researches on crime，而这些previous researches on crime在the project的最初阶段被作者采用。因此the project是指作者进行的study，extensive就是comprehensive(广泛的，综合的)。上文提到，该研究是针对juvenile delinquency的。综合看来，选项[A]符合上下文语境。
单选题
The major contribution of this study is to _______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】推理判断题。题干中的关键词是contribution，该词在第二段末尾出现。根据第二段最后一句可知，the contribution of this study是指these innovative modifications，these innovative modifications又是指substantial changes，而A new application of them需要这些changes。them是指上文提到的the newer social research techniques、new methods。作者在这里肯定了本段首句中的One major purpose of this study将会得以实现，也就是说他所做的这些创新的、实质性的变化意味着the newer research techniques在juvenile delinquency这一新领域中的应用could help。因此，选项[C]正是此项研究的contribution。
单选题
According to the author, three design types of previous researches are _______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】推理判断题。题干中的关键词previous researches出现在第四段首句，其three design types即该段末句中提到的social background study，family background study and personal motivation study。但是第四段并没有提到与选项有关的内容，那么接着看第五段，该段第二句说，任何研究还没有尝试过把这三种设计类型中的一种以上结合在一起。作者在第三句接着说，他的研究的主要贡献之一将会是to bring all three study types together in one design。这正是选项[D]的内容。
单选题
The passage is mainly concerned with _______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】主旨大意题。由题干中mainly concerned with可知此题考查文章的主旨，这需要准确地找到文章的主题句。第一段把a study design和the rough sketch made by an artist进行类比，主要是强调a study design的关键作用，这就暗示了本文和study design有关。第二段第一句是整篇文章的主题句，因为下文都是围绕这句话展开的。因此，选项[B]符合题意。