填空题 This week some top scientists, including Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision of how the world will look in 2056, from gas-powered cars to extraordinary health advances, John Ingham reports on what the world"s greatest minds believe our futures will be. For those of us lucky enough to live that long, 2056 will be a world of almost perpetual youth. The prediction is that we will have found a source of inexhaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war—our dependence on oil and religious prejudice.
Bruce Lahn, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the ability to produce "unlimited supplies" of transplantable human organs without a needed new organ, such as kidney. The surgeon would contact a commercial organ producer, give him the patient"s immune-logical profile and would then be sent a kidney with the correct tissue type. These organs would be entirely composed of human cells, grown by introducing them into animal hosts, and allowing them to develop into an organ in place of the animal"s own. But Prof. Lahn believes that farmed brains would be "off limits". He says: "Very few people would want to have their brains replaced by someone else"s and we probably don"t want to put a human brain into an animal body. "
Conlin Pillinger, professor of planetary sciences at the Open University fancies that we will be able to show that life did start to evolve on Mars well as Earth. Within 50 years he hopes scientists will prove that alien life came here in Martian meteorites. Meanwhile, we may find evidence of alien life in ancient permanent forest of Mars or on other planets. There is even a chance we will find alien life forms here on Earth. It might be as different as English is to Chinese. Such discoveries are likely to have revolutionary consequences for biology, astronomy and philosophy. They may change the way we look at ourselves and our place in the universe. As soon as the first evidence is found, we will know what to look for and additional discoveries are likely to follow quickly.
Man hopes to set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, which would be a "life insurance policy" against whatever catastrophes, natural or otherwise, might occur on Earth. The real space race is whether we will colonize off the Earth on to other worlds before money for the space program runs out.
Ellen Heber-Katz, a professor at the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia, foresees cures for injuries causing paralysis such as the one that affricated Superman star Christopher Reeve. She says: "I believe that the day is not far off when we will be able to prescribe drugs that cause severe spinal cords to heal, hearts to regenerate and lost limbs to regrow." People will come to expect that injured or diseased organs are meant to be repaired from within, in much the same way that we fix an appliance or automobile: by replacing the damaged part with a manufacturer-certified new part. Repairs to the nervous system will start with optic nerves and, in time, the whole body replacement will be routine.
Sydney Brenner, senior distinguished fellow of the Crick-Jacobs Center in California, won the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine and says that if there is a global disaster, some humans will survive and evolutions will favor small people with bodies large enough to support the required amount of brain power. "Obesity," he says, "will have been solved."
A. human organs can be repaired like fixing appliances
B. come true with the collaborative efforts
C. scientists" vision of the world in half a century
D. survive all catastrophes on earth
E. humans won"t have to donate organs for transplantation
F. live to 100 and more with vitality
G. alien life will likely be discovered

填空题 John Ingham"s recent report mainly focuses on 1.

填空题 Professor Bruce Lahn of the University of Chicago predicts that 1.

填空题 Professor of planetary sciences thinks that 1.

填空题 By setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, humans might 1.

填空题 Professor Ellen Heber-Katz at the Wistar Institute predicts that 1.