Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males. Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan"s and Dr. Dewaal"s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of eucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sepa rate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their became markedly different. In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to; accept the slice of cu cumber indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.

单选题 In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：文章首段举出人们对加薪不等的事情会气愤，说这种行为是"人类化的"(all too human)，但现在有研究表明这种行为也是猴子化的(all too monkey)行为。这里对这种行为的两种可能的属性进行类比以引出全文的主题，但比较的是相同点(comparison)还是不同点(contrast)呢?在第二段的"like their human conterpart"和最后一段首句，明确地体现出来比较的是相同点(like)，因此选C。

单选题 The statement "it is all too monkey"(Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that______

单选题 Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are______

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：第二段最后一句说"Above all，like their female human counterparts，they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of goods and services than males．"即雌性猴于同女性人类一样，比雄性猴子更在意"商品与服务"。而下一段则承接上文说这种特点使得他们成为Brosnan博士和Dr. Dewaal博士的研究对象，选项A"更倾向于权衡他们的所得"是对第二段最后一句的同义转述，为正确答案。

单选题 Dr. Brosnan and Dr. Dewaal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys______

单选题 What can we infer from the last paragraph?

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：解此题的依据是结尾句whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans...is，as yet an unanswered question，即这种公平的意识是否是卷尾猴和人类各自独立进化而来的，或者这种意识来源于他们共同的祖先。也就是3500万年前的物种，仍然不得而知。也就是说人类的义愤感是从什么进化而来的不得而知。猴子有群居情感，是天生的，不是训练(train)出来的，选项A错误；文中提到只有猴子和人类一样可以表达感情，并不是所有的动物都可以，选项C错误；选项D与上题的依据相矛盾，不合题意。