填空题.A. It's easy to be complacent (自满的，得意的) about weight and long-term health issues, especially when you're young, carefree and only living for tomorrow, but recent statistics provide a harsh wake-up call for teens and children. B. According to a report produced by the British Medical Association (BMA), the state of adolescent health in the UK is in a poor condition. A key problem is obesity, which is thought to be caused by a poor diet with too many high-fat, high-calorie foods, along with a lack of exercise. In fact, the report claims that excess body weight is "now the most common childhood disorder in Europe", and a staggering one in five youngsters aged 13 to 16 are overweight and nearly one in five-15-year-olds are obese. C. The figures are worrying as being obese can cause both immediate and future serious health problems. These include the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and type 2 diabetes. It's also the "most impotrtant dietary factor in cancer", said a spokesperson for the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF), and can cause complications (并发症) during and after pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes used to only affect middle-aged people, but in recent years cases have been detected in teens as young as 13-year-old for the first time. This, in itself, is believed to be another direct factor linked to the rising levels of obesity. Health Implications D. Neville Rigby, from the International Obesity Task Force, expressed concern at the levels of teen obesity. "It's very worrying because of the high" risk that people who are obese in their teenage years will continue to be in adulthood", he said. Putting things into perspective, he added, "Children affected by obesity are likely to have a shorter lifespan than their parents." E. As well as physical illness and disease, being obese or overweight can cause a range of psychological problems too. The BMA report highlighted that it can significantly affect well-being, "with many adolescents developing a negative self-image and experiencing low self-esteem." It can also lead to eating diseases, bullying, depression, and feelings of loneliness and nervousness. This is something that the charity Weight Concern is keen to emphasize. "Obesity can have detrimental (有害的) effects on children's psychological well-being, " said a spokesperson. "Many overweight children report social difficulties, which in turn may contribute to anxiety and depression, and obese children are often subject to teasing and bullying. All this can have devastating effects on their self-esteem." Weight Distribution F. Doctors use a measurement system called the body mass index (BMI) to assess whether people are a healthy weight, overweight or obese. It's worked out by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by their height in meters squared. For example, if I am 1.7 meters tall and weigh 68 kilos. my BMI would be 23.5 (68 divided by 1.7×1.7), which fails into the desirable or healthy range. Adults (over 18) are overweight if they have a BMI of between 25 and 30, and they are obese if it's 30 or over. As well as BMI levels, the areas where the fat is deposited in the body is important, too, explained a spokesperson for the BNF. People who have extra fat around their middle, a body we call apple-shaped, are at a greater risk of some diseases than those who have most of the extra weight around their hips and thighs, or are pear-shaped. Prevention and Treatment G. When it comes to preventing and treating excess weight and obesity, experts believe a healthy balanced diet and regular exercise are crucial. The key to maintaining a good weight is to balance your energy intake and output, as weight is gained if you regularly eat more than you burn off. Obese children may require a specially developed program, said Weight Concern, which is likely to focus on healthy eating, exercise and social support. In the case of children, it's beneficial for the whole family to adopt healthier behaviors and it's important not to single out a child. H. Likewise, the Royal College of Paediatrics suggests parents should be actively involved in helping children manage their weight, and says obesity problems should be dealt with slowly, by making gradual changes to eating habits and physical activity. Losing weight can be tough, but although crash diets sometimes sound appealing, the Food Standards Agency stress that they don't work. Instead, their top tips for losing weight include eating the recommended five portions of fruit and vegetables each day, cutting down on sugary and fatty foods, opting for lower-fat versions of dairy products and increasing your intake of starchy foods. I. Increasingly inactive lifestyles and couch-potato tendencies, for example watching television and playing computer games, are thought to be contributors to obesity, so being more active is very helpful. The minimum recommended level of activity is at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, five days a week. Moderate intensity means a state in which your breathing and heart rate are faster than normal. Siobhan Weir, physical activity program manager at the Health Protection Agency said, "Getting people to take some moderate activity as opposed to being sedentary is likely to have the greatest beneficial effect on their health." A good form of exercise for those who have been leading fairly inactive lives—and one that s tree—is walking, she says. "Research shows that walking a mile briskly uses the same energy as running a mile and regular physical activity can reduce weight by as mush as one stone in three months. To really reap the benefits, aim to walk briskly so that you are feeling warmer and slightly out of breath." If walking isn't for you, there's a whole range of other activities available, from team sports such as football, hockey or basketball, classes such as aerobics or sessions at the gym, to alternatives such as martial arts, yoga or tai chi. The key is to find something you enjoy and stick to it. J. It's easy to put off healthy eating habits and exercise, but the sooner we start, the better the outcome for our health. By starting at a young age, the chances are good habits will continue into the future, too.
填空题21. Recently, cases of type 2 diabetes have been detected in the people as young as 13, according to the passage.
填空题22. The fat adolescents are easily affected by the physical and psychological illnesses, which is the result of obesity.
填空题23. The passage mainly discusses the problem of obesity of the adolescent.
填空题24. The Royal College of Paediatrics advises the parents to change the obese children's eating habits and physical activity gradually.
填空题25. The weighty issue can cause the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, type 2 diabetes.
填空题26. If an adult's BMI is 26, he or she is overweight according to the passage.
填空题27. Whatever form of exercise you choose, the most important thing is that you should enjoy and stick to it.
填空题28. Neville Rigby holds the idea that children obesity, nay influence their lifespan greatly.
填空题29. The good form of exercise for the people whose work lacks activity is walking.
填空题30. The most important thing to keep a good weight is to eat as much as you burn off regularly.