单选题 Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar, in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because-everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
单选题 The passage is mainly discussing ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 纵观全文可知,文章主要讲述的是两种不同社会所发生的不同形态的社会变革及其不同的方面。故选C。
单选题 ______ is NOT one of the factors that tend to promote social change.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章第一段第三、四句“There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. ”可知,选项A、B、C都是促进社会变革的因素,只有选项D(先进的科技)不是导致社会变革的因素。故选D。
单选题 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章第二段可知,社会变革更容易发生在文化的物质方面,而不是非物质方面;在人们后来所学到的,而非人们早期所学到的方面;在非社会基础和非社会情感方面,而不是在社会基础和社会情感方面。故A、C、D正确。由第一段的第一、二、三句可知,意见不同、争论很多的社会更容易发生变革。故选项B不正确。
单选题 The expression "greater tolerance" (Para. 1) refers to ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据第一段第三、四句“There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. ”可知,greater tolerance指的是“更可能接受同一个社会里的不同观点”。故选A。
单选题 Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 根据文章第一段最后两句“In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed. ”可知,在由许多方面相似的人群所形成的社会里,事物似乎都是一样的,所以变革的需求及变革的机会很少。尽管生活的条件不尽如人意,但人们已经习惯了,并且不存在争议。故选B。