单选题 Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency ( crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories (21) on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior (22) they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through (23) with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in (24) to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, (25) as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, (26) the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes (27) lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are (28) to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly (29) juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that (30) to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment (31) make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in (32) lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also (33) changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; (34) , children are likely to have less supervision at home (35) was common in the traditional family structure.

单选题 A. acting B. relying C. centering D. commenting
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] centering意为“集中，围绕”；acting on意为“起作用”；relying on意为 “依靠，依赖”；commenting on意为“对……进行评论”。
单选题 A. before B. unless C. until D. because
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] A项before意为“在……之前”，引导时问状语从句；B项unless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句；C项until意为“直到……才”，引导时间状语从句；D项because意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
单选题 A. interaction B. assimilation C. cooperation D. consultation
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] A项interaction意为“相互作用，相互影响”；B项assimilation意为“吸收； 同化”；C项cooperation意为“合作”；D项consultation意为“请教，咨询”。
单选题 A. return B. reply C. reference D. response
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] A项return意为“归还”，in return to意为“作为对……的报答”；B项reply 意为“回答”，in reply to意为“作为对……的回答”；C项reference意为“参考，涉及”， in reference to意为“关于”；D项response意为“反应”，in response to意为“应…… 而……，作为……的反应”。
单选题 A. or B. but rather C. but D. or else
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] A项or意为“或者”；B项but rather意为“而是”；C项but意为“但是”，表示转折；D项or else意为“不然，否则”。
单选题 A. considering B. ignoring C. highlighting D. discarding
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] A项considering意为“考虑”；B项ignoring意为“忽略，无视”；C项highlighting“强调，使显著”；D项discarding意为“遗弃”。
单选题 A. on B. in C. for D. with
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] for lack of意为“因为缺少……”。
单选题 A. immune B. resistant C. sensitive D. subject
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] A项immune意为“免疫的”；B项resistant意为“抵抗的，有阻力的”；C项sensitive意为“敏感的”；D项subject意为“易受……的”。
单选题 A. affect B. reduce C. check D. reflect
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] A项affect意为“影响”；B项reduce意为“减少，降低”；C项check意为 “限制，阻止”；D项reflect“反映”。
单选题 A. point B. lead C. come D. amount
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] A项point(to)意为“暗示，指示”；B项lead(to)意为“导致，引起”；C项come(to)意为“总计为，结果是”；D项amount(to)意为“达到，总计”。
单选题 A. in general B. on average C. by contrast D. at length
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] A项in general意为“一般来说，大体上”；B项on average意为“平均”；C项by contrast意为“作为对照，对比”；D项at length意为“最后，最终”。
单选题 A. case B. short C. turn D. essence
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] A项(in)case意为“以防，万一”；B项(in)short意为“简而言之”；C项 (in)turn意为“依次，轮流；反过来”。D项(in)essence意为“本质上，实质上”。
单选题 A. survived B. noticed C. undertaken D. experienced
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] A项survived意为“幸存”；B项noticed意为“注意到”；C项undertaken意为“承受，接受”；D项experienced意为“经受，经历”。
单选题 A. contrarily B. consequently C. similarly D. simultaneously
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] A项contrarily意为“相反”；B项consequently意为“因此，所以”；C项 similarly意为“同样地，相似地”；D项simultaneously意为“同时”。
单选题 A. than B. that C. which D. as
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 句中用了less，很明显是比较级，所以应当接than。