单选题
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案。

{{B}}Standard English{{/B}}
Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers leaning the language. It is also the variety which is normally spoken by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other{{U}} (51) {{/U}}situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has{{U}} (52) {{/U}}in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial{{U}} (53) {{/U}}; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants.
Historically, the standard variety of English is based on the London{{U}} (54) {{/U}}of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one{{U}} (55) {{/U}}by the. educated, and it was developed and promoted{{U}} (56) {{/U}}a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the{{U}} (57) {{/U}}that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, standard English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are{{U}} (58) {{/U}}the same everywhere in the world where English is used;{{U}} (59) {{/U}}among local standards is really quite minor,{{U}} (60) {{/U}}the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very{{U}} (61) {{/U}}different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are concerned. Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous{{U}} (62) {{/U}}on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have{{U}} (63) {{/U}}much of their vigor (活力) and there is considerable pressure on them to be{{U}} (66) {{/U}}. This latter situation is not unique{{U}} (65) {{/U}}English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are underway. But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational (跨国的) ones.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。similar意为“类似的，想像的，不是同一的”，例如：The two houses are very similar in appearance. 原句谈及标准英语使用的情况或场合，由other一词可知这种场合不是与news broadcasts一样的场合，而是相似的场合，故选项B similar正确。选项A same意为“相同的，指同一的”，例如：The same mistake occurs three times in the paragraph.在这一段中同样的错误出现了三次。选项C equal意为“(指事物在数量价值方面)相等的，平等的，胜任的”，例如：(1)We divided the cake into three equal parts. (2)He was equal to the occasion.他能应付这场面。选项D identical意为“同一的，完全相同的”，例如：(1)It’s the identical coat which was stolen from me. (2)The tests are identical to those carried out last year.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】此题属于词语搭配题。have sth./ noting to do with意为“与……有(无)关”，例如：It had nothing to do with the committee’s decision. 根据原文的意思，标准英语与非标准英语的差别是否与正式语言和口头语言的差别有关，由下文，标准英语既有正式语言也有口语，因此，从原则上来说，二者没有关系，故选项C nothing正确。其他选项：A anything，B something和D everything均与句意不符。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。prefer意为“比较喜欢”，例如：He prefers to work alone. 根据上下文的意思，上文谈到标准英语从伦敦方言发展而来。而受过教育的人们使用的是标准英语，那么，伦敦英语肯定曾经受过这些人青睐(prefer)，喜欢该语言并喜欢使用它，故选项A preferred正确。选项B learned(学习的)；选项c praised(赞扬的)，没有体现出人们爱用伦敦方言的意味；选项D created(创造的)，伦敦方言并不是由受过教育的人创造出来的。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。norm意为“标准”，例如：One child per family is becoming the norm in some countries.根据上下文，前面谈到伦敦方言已经发展成为一种标准(norm)，下文提及正是这个norm漂洋过海，传到海外，因此选项B norm正确。其他选项：A basis(基础)；C rule(规则)；D variety(变体)均不合题意。伦敦英语是英语的一种变体，但这种变体已发展成为一种标准模式，传到海外的是这一标准。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。variation意为“变化”，如生物学中的变种，音乐上的变调。例如：(1)The same story was told, with slight variations, of many legendary heroes. (2)The variations of temperature in that district are very great. 同源名词variety意为“不可数名词多样性；可数名词同类的不同品种”，例如： There are numerous varieties of tree peonies(牡丹)。叉如：the tremendous variety of the themes；根据上下文，前文谈到世界各地所用的语法及词汇基本相同，各地之间的差异就应该很小，此处差异即A variation。选项B standardization(标准化)，与下文的minor搭配不当；选项C unification意为“联合，统一”，不合题意，例如：The traffic laws of the different states need unification. 选项D transformation意为“转变”，原指形式的改变，引申为性质、特点的改变，例如：the social and political transformation of a country, 用在语言学里，指句子结构的转换，与题意不符。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】此题属于语法题。so that为组合连词，连接结果状语从句，根据句子意思，前半句讲地区差异很少，下半句讲新加坡、南非等地的英语差别不大，是前半句的结果，故选项C so that正确。选项A therefore副词，连接因果状语从句，例如：Those people have their umbrellas up; therefore, it must be raining. 选项 B but(但是)和选项D nevertheless(然而)均连接转折状语从句，例如：He was very tired, nevertheless he kept working。

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】此题属于语义搭配题。standardize意为“标准化”，根据上下文的意思可知：那些使用很久的方言(有特点的地方性语言)失去了活力，并面临着被标准化的压力，故选项C standardized正确。选项A abandoned意为“被遗弃，放弃”，例如：The village had already been abandoned. 又如：abandon one’s attempt to do(放弃)；选项B changed意为“改变”；选项D reformed意为“变革”，有变化之意，但用在此处不够准确。