问答题
The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and
the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate.
{{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The gap between what we know and
all that can be known seems not to diminish, but rather to increase with every
new discovery.{{/U}} Fresh unexplored regions are for ever opening out.
{{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The rapidity of the
increase of scientific knowledge in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, is
apt to give students and teachers the impression that no sooner is a problem
stated than the answer is forthcoming.{{/U}} A more detailed study of the history
of science corrects the impression that fundamental discoveries are made with
dramatic suddenness. Even in our present age no less than fifty years separate
the discovery to radioactivity from the explosion of the first atomic bomb. Much
of the fundamental information which now enables us to control the disease was
known a century ago. {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}The teacher,
giving his brief accounts of scientific discovery, is apt to forget the long
periods of misunderstanding, of false hypotheses and general uncertainty which
almost invariably precede the clear statement of scientific truth.{{/U}}
There are countries in which unnecessary poverty prevails because the
people as a whole are unaware of methods whereby it can he relieved. There are
wide stretches of land, abandoned or never cultivated, which could support a
thriving community if full use were made of the knowledge and skill of
scientists. There are innumerable people suffering from disease which can be
cured, and from which, by following simple scientific rules of hygiene, they
need never again suffer. {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}These are
vast storehouses of natural power, such as the wind, water falls and the heat of
the sun, which science can show how to harness for the relief of human hard
labor and for raising the standard of living.{{/U}} {{U}} {{U}} 5
{{/U}} {{/U}}{{U}}But the difficulties in the way of effecting a change for the
better are not less enormous and are often over-looked. {{/U}}The full benefits of
science can only be gained with the cooperation of the people in need of
assistance. That cooperation is regrettably ineffective unless the people also
have some understanding of the means used. It is all too easy for the ignorant
to believe that fifty doses of medicine, taken at once, will produce a cure
fifty times as fast as a single does taken on fifty successive occasions. Farm
machinery, broken down and neglected for lack of skilled mechanics, can be a
source of loss rather than of profit. The finest seed, sown at the wrong time or
under the wrong conditions, may have a disappointing yield. If the methods
recommended by the scientists are applied by those who have some knowledge of
science, then great benefit can follow. But if that under standing cooperation
is lacking, frustration is added to poverty.
【答案解析】[解析] 句子结构的主干是：The gap between…seems not to diminish, but rather to in crease...。what和all that分别引出两个从句为between的宾语从句；而with every new discovery短语用来说明主句中的谓语seems not to diminish和to in crease的。注意all that结构，that引出的句子是说明all的，常见的例子：It is all that I can say in this. (我能讲的就是这些。)
【答案解析】[解析] 本句是一个主从复合句，句子的主干是：The teacher is…apt to forget…the long periods…；which引导定语从句修饰the long periods of misunderstanding，of false hypotheses and general uncertainty。表示时间的giving现在分词状语，可译为teacher的第一谓语，is apt to译成第二谓语。which定语从句融合在整个句子之中。
【答案解析】[解析] 这是一个主从复合句，主句是there be句型，are是谓语，后边全部是主语。非限定性定语从句which是说明前面整个句子，which是how to harness(如何利用)的宾语；而两个for介词短语表示how to harness(which)的目的状语。 storehouses意为“仓库”，此处引申为“资源”。which引导的非限制性定语从句，不是说明某一词语，而是说明前面整个句子所表达的概念，所以在翻译时要另译成一个句子。
【正确答案】但是，在通向使情况好转的道路上，困难是不小的，而且常常被人们所忽视。
【答案解析】[解析] 这是一个“主+系+表”的简单句。主语是the difficulties，主语后面的in te way of...词组作定语说明difficulties，即：在哪方面的困难。in the way of effec ting a change for the better在通向使情况好转的道路上。difficulties后面的定语要翻译为前置定语，使译文更加贴切，紧凑。