单选题 Right after the global financial crisis exploded in 2008, many economists fretted that countries looking to hold on to their share of a shrinking pie would become more self-interested and protectionist, plunging the planet into an even sharper downturn, just as happened in the 1930s after the Great Depression. Thanks to panic-fueled crisis management by policymakers, it didn't happen. But after three years of pain and very little economic gain, it may be happening now.
The signs are everywhere. Europeans are in the middle of a potentially calamitous debt crisis, one that threatens not only the survival of the euro zone but the idea of the European Union itself: politicians are starting to talk about rolling back visa-free travel between countries. Meanwhile, OPEC is falling apart as the Saudis and the Iranians quarrel over how to control the world's energy supply. Then there's the rise of populist politics not only in the U. S. but throughout the rest of the world.
All of this underscores the point that globalization, if we define it as the free movement of goods, people and money, was never all it was cracked up to be. The world is just not as flat as pundits would have us think. More than half of global trade, investment and migration still takes place within regions—much of it between neighboring countries. Canada is the U.S.'s biggest trading partner. Some 800% of global stock-market investment, for example, is in companies that are headquartered in the investor's home country. Exports make up only about a quarter of the global economy. Less than 20% of Internet traffic crosses national borders, and so on. The world is becoming more unified, but if anything, it's becoming more fragmented.
Some of this reflects the fact that rich countries, especially the U. S., are still much more provincial than you might think, and the political trend in an economic downturn is to become more so—witness the rise of anti-immigrant rhetoric, and the like. Even multinational corporations, those global emissaries of American capitalism, could be a lot more diverse. Only 7% of the directors of FORTUNE 500 firms are foreigners.
But greater economic and political fragmentation is also, ironically, a ripple effect of globalization. As wealth and power have shifted to the emerging markets, those nations now have the money and confidence to call their own shots—and their calls tend to be quite different from those we would make. Already this is reflected in company and consumer behavior. Firms like Hermes, General Motors, Levi Strauss and Coca-Cola rigorously tailor products specifically for emerging-market consumers.
The big-picture implications are more profound. As developing countries become wealthier and vie for a better seat on the global stage, they are often at odds not only with rich nations but also with each other. That doesn't mean globalization's a bust. In fact, more of it—in the form of freer markets, lower trade barriers and unfettered immigration—would help alleviate tensions by growing the economic pie.

单选题 The word "it" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】在第一段中，最后一句中的it和倒数第二句中的it实际上指同样的东西，二者都指本段第一句中提到的现象，即那些期望在缩小的馅饼中保存自己份额的国家会变得自私，会走向贸易保护主义。在许多经济学家看来，如果出现这种状况，全球经济将陷入更深的衰退。幸运的是，由于政策制定者采取了风险管理措施，这种状况没有发生，但是三年之后，由于经济几乎没有增长，这一状况可能正在发生。可见，这里it指[贸易]保护主义的抬头。另外，第二段描述了贸易保护主义的各种表现。

单选题 Some trade statistics are mentioned in the third paragraph to make the point that

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】第二段提到贸易保护主义抬头的各种迹象，包括有些政治家正在谈论取消欧元区的免签证旅游，石油输出国组织内部也发生了争吵，美国和其他国家都出现了民粹主义倾向。第三段第一句指出，这些做法都再三说明，全球化根本不是它自吹自擂的样子(crack up此处意为“吹捧，夸奖”)。本段举出多组数字，用来说明贸易、投资、移民大都在地区性范围内进行，根本没有实现全球化所主张的free movement of goods(对应贸易)，people(对应移民)and money(对应投资)。第三段最后一句说，世界变得越来越fragmented(根据上下文，这里指贸易保护主义的抬头使世界走向区域化)。