单选题 {{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}
One of the most strikingly apparent instances of extrasensory perception is the precognitive experience, when a person has a compelling perception of a coming disaster, news of death of a loved one, or a communication from a long-lost friend, and the predicted event then happens. Many who have had such experiences report that the emotional intensity of the precognition and its subsequent verification provide an overpowering sense of contact with another realm of reality. I have had such an experience myself. Many years ago, I awoke in the middle of night in a cold sweat, with a certain knowledge that a close relative had suddenly died. I was so gripped with the haunting intensity of the experience that I was afraid to place a long-distance phone call, (for fear that the relative would trip over the telephone cord or something and make the experience a self-fulfilling prediction). In fact, the relative is alive and well, and whatever psychological roots the experience may have, it was not a reflection of an imminent event in the real world.
However, suppose the relative had in fact died that night. You would have had a difficult time convincing me that it was merely coincidence. But it is easy to calculate that if each American has such a premonitory experience a few times in his lifetime, the actual statistics alone will produce a few apparent precognitive events somewhere in America each year. We can calculate that this must occur fairly frequently, but to the rare person who dreams of disaster, followed rapidly by its realization, it is uncanny and awesome. Such a coincidence must happen to someone every few months. But those who experience a correct precognition understandably resist its explanation by coincidence.
After my experience I did not write a letter to an institute of psychology relating a compelling predictive dream that was not borne out by reality. That is not a memorable letter. But had the death I dreamt actually occurred, such a letter would have been marked down as evidence for precognition. The hits are recorded; the misses are not. Thus human nature unconsciously conspires to produce a biased reporting of the frequency of such events.
单选题 "Precognitive experience" most probably means ______
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据本文第一句“超感官知觉的最突出的例证就是先知体验。这种体验是指一个人有一种强烈的灾难行将发生的感受,预感亲人辞世,久无音讯的朋友恢复了联系等,而这些预想之中的事果真发生了。B项“模糊地预感到某事会发生,而这事(后来)真的发生了”最好地解释了“先知体验”。
单选题 The author's case shows precognitive experience ______
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据第一段,本文作者很逼真地梦到一位近亲突然死去,以至于他从夜梦中惊醒,但事实是他/她的这位亲属不仅活着,而且还活得好好的,可以说是虚惊一场。这个没有应验的梦说明人们(因“先知体验”所产生)的担心往往是多余的。C、D两个选项试图探究“先知体验”产生的原因,是不正确的,因为根据第一段尾句,“我的这次‘先知体验’不论是出自什么心理根源,总归不是现实世界行将发生的事件的反映。”可见,造成“先知体验”的原因是不明确的。
单选题 Which of the following is true according to the passage?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】由本文的后两句可知,“先知(预感)成真的情况会被记录下来,预感未被应验的则不被记录下来。人类的天性在不知不觉中就产生了对这类(预感)事件发生频率的歪曲报道。可见“人们对那些后来应验的(confirmed)的先知体验更为关注”。
单选题 Why didn't the author write to the institute of psychology about his dream?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据第三段段首:事后,我没给心理研究所写信,讲述一个预感很强烈,却没有被现实应验的梦,因为这样的信件是不会让人看后难忘的。但如果我梦见的死亡事件后来果真发生,这样的信就会被作为先知应验的证据而记录下来。可见作者没有写信给心理研究所,因为梦境未被应验。
单选题 The author ______
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】很显然作者意在批评对于“先知体验”的一些错误的迷信。由于人为的因素,人们过于看重先知应验的事例,因此形成了一些错误认识。