First, grammatical studies look for rules while pragmatic studies look for principles. Rules are black and white, i.e. you are either right or wrong. For instance, you have to say “He studies linguistics”; the -s is required by a rule. Principles are not black and white; you can obey them to some extent and violate them to some extent. For example, one principle says we should tell the truth and another says we should be polite in our speech. But sometimes these two principles are in contradiction. If I tell you the truth, I won’t be very polite and if I want to be polite, I can’t tell you the truth. What we do under these circumstances is that we tend to strike a balance between the two-express some polite beliefs and then tell the truth in very soft, gentle words. Secondly, in grammar studies, we end up with products while in pragmatics we always deal with processes. In other words, after we have analyzed a sentence grammatically, our job is done; in a pragmatic inquiry, we deal with an ever-unfolding process-as the discourse goes on and on, the extra meaning of some words become clearer and clearer.