单选题
The terms college and university originally had very similar meanings. Only (1) the passing of centuries did "university" come to (2) an educational (3) composed of more than one college. During the Middle Ages students (4) the universities of Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge found (5) convenient to rent houses and share expenses (6) living in private apartments. By the 13th century these "houses of scholars" were becoming legally recognized corporate institutions. At Oxford the earliest of these (7) were University College, (8) in 1249 by William of Durham; Balliol College, founded by John Balliol in 1263; and Merton College, founded about 1264 by Walter de Merton. A similar (9) took place at Cambridge. In the United States the word college most commonly (10) to four-year institutions that (11) students from secondary schools and grant a bachelor's (12) after a general (13) of studies. A college may also be a school (14) specialized training that takes place after (15) the bachelor's degree--such as a college of law or medicine. Schools (16) in theological training may be called seminaries or schools instead of colleges. A university normally (17) of a group of colleges--one for the liberal arts or general studies and (18) for engineering, law, medicine, education, and (19) . Some of these colleges are for advanced study, (20) the college of liberal arts is the institution in which one earns a bachelor's degree.
单选题
[A] with [B] by [C] for [D] at
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解题思路] 介词辨析。介词的宾语是the passing of centuries过去的几个世纪,为一个时间段。with搭配时间作宾语时,意为“在……的过程中”,搭配时间段;by搭配时间作宾语时,意为“到……为止”,搭配时间点;for搭配时间作宾语时,意为“在……之中”,搭配时间段,用于完成时态;at搭配时间作宾语时,意为“在……”,搭配时间点。能搭配时间段的只有[A]和[C],而本句不是完成时态,故[C]不能为正确答案。正确答案只能是[A]。
单选题
[A] school [B] organization [C] institution [D] corporation
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解题思路] 前后呼应。school意为“学校”;organization意为“组织”;institution意为“公共机构,协会,制度”;corporation意为“社团,法人,公司,企业”。根据后文的内容,By the 13th century these "houses of scholars" were becoming legally recognized corporate institutions得到正确答案为[C]。
单选题
[A] around [B] at [C] by [D] on
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解题思路] 介词辨析。介词的宾语the universities of Paris, Oxford, and Cambridge(剑桥、牛津和巴黎的大学)是表示地点的词汇。around接地点时表示“在附近”;on表示“在……上”;at表示“在……之中”。介词短语在这里作后置定语修饰students,分析学生与剑桥、牛津和巴黎的大学之间的关系,学生应该在大学之中,因此正确答案为[B]。
单选题
[A] so [B] that [C] it [D] this
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解题思路] 形式宾语。本题是典型的语法题。found ______ convenient to rent houses中found是谓语动词,to rent houses是宾语,convenient是宾语补足语。考查的语法现象是:动词不定式作宾语时,由于宾语过长,宾语补足语较短,因此将宾语后置,用形式宾语it代替。因此 正确答案为[C]。
单选题
[A] other than [B] as well as [C] instead of [D] more than
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解题思路] 连词和短语辨析。解题重点在于分析上下文逻辑关系。other than意为“不同于,除了”;as well as意为“也,又”;instead of意为“而不是”;more than意为“多于”。上文陈述了租房子和分担房租,本句则陈述了居住在私人公寓。上下文内容在逻辑上是相反的,能连接相反关系的只有[C]。
单选题
[A] cooperation [B] corporations [C] groups [D] parties
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解题思路] 前后呼应。cooperation意为“合作”;corporations意为“团体,公司”;groups意为“团体”;parties意为“党派”。这是一种特殊的前后呼应,根据前文的By the 13th century these "houses of scholars" were becoming legally recognized corporate institutions,正确答案在含义上应该接近corporate institutions,而[B]corporations是corporate的名词形式,在含义上与corporate institutions相同。
单选题
[A] found [B] founded [C] built [D] constructed
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解题思路] 动词+前后呼应+迷惑选项。found意为“找到,发现”;founded意为“建立”;built,意为“建立,建造”;constructed意为“建造,构造,创立”。根据后文的founded by John Balliol in 1263; and Merton College, founded about 1264 by Walter de Merton得到正确答案是[B]。
单选题
[A] development [B] aggress [C] regress [D] retrogress