单选题
IQ stands for Intelligence Quotient, which is a
measure of a person's intelligence found by means of an intelligence test.
Before marks gained in such a test can be useful as information about a person,
they must be compared with some standard, or {{U}}norm{{/U}}. It is not enough
simply to know that a boy of thirteen has scored, say, ninety marks in a
particular test. To know whether he is clever, average or dull, his marks must
be compared with the average achieved by boys of thirteen in that
test. In 1906 the psychologist, Alfred Binet, devised the
standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed.
He invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of
different ages through them. He found at what age each test was passed by the
average child. For instance, he found that the average child of seven could
count backwards from 20 to 1 and the average child of three could repeat the
sentence: We are going to have a good time in the country. Binet arranged the
various tests in order of difficulty, and used them as a scale against which he
could measure every individual. If, for example, a boy aged twelve could only do
tests that were passed by the average boy of nine, Binet held that he was three
years below average, and that he has a mental age of nine. The
concept of mental age provided Binet, and through him, other psychologists, with
the required standard, which enables him to state scores in intelligence tests
in terms of a norm. At first, it was usual to express the result of a test by
the difference between the "mental" and the "chronological" age. Then the boy in
the example given would be "three years retarded". Soon, however, the "mental
ratio" was introduced, that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the
chronological age. Thus a 'boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has a mental
ratio of 0.75. The mental age was replaced by the "intelligence
quotient" or "ID". The IQ is the mental ratio multiplied by 100. For example, a
boy of twelve with a mental age of nine has an IQ of 75. Clearly, since the
mental age of average child is equal to the chronological age, the average IQ is
100.
单选题
Which of the following is not mentioned in relation to IQ?______
A. mental ratio
B. mental age
C. chronological age
D. date of birth
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】第四、五段在引号中提到(A)mental ratio，(B)mental age和(C)chronological age，文中未提到(6)date of birth。
单选题
Which of the following is the closest in meaning to ' norm' ( Para. 1,
line 3 ) ?______
A. standard
B. mark
C. measure
D. intelligence
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】norm意为“标准，规范”，与(A)standard“标准”近义。
单选题
To judge a child's standard, his marks in a test must be compared with
marks gained by ______