【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[听力原文]1-10 Today I'm going to discuss transportation and communication in the early 19th century in the United States. At that time, inland waterways provided North America's most popular form of long-distance transportation. Travel by rivers was often more convenient than taking a wagon over primitive country roads, especially when shipping heavy loads of farm products or household goods. Where the natural waterways were inadequate, shallow canals were built. The Erie Canal, opened in 1825, connected the Great Lakes with the upper Hudson River. It allowed settlers in the Great Lakes region to send their crops eastward to New York City at the mouth of Hudson at a much lower cost. From there, crops could be shipped to other Atlantic ports. The construction of the Erie Canal also encouraged westward migration along inland waterways and helped populate the frontier. The City of Detroit grew up between two of the Great Lakes. Later a canal joined the Great Lakes with the Mississippi river system and Chicago became a thriving city. Politically the waterway system united the nation in a way few had imagined possible, by the mid-1800s, faster and cheaper railroads became more popular and the canal system declined. Railroads could be used year round whereas canals were often frozen in the winter. During the first third of the century, however, transportation on rivers, lakes and canals aided greatly in the growth of the United States. [分析] 特定信息的找寻和判断。 根据题干中地名专有名词定位到原文相关信息The Erie Canal…connected the Great Lakes with the upper Hudson River即Erie运河将Great Lakes和Hudson River上游联接起来，而题干说Erie运河和Hudson River汇入Great Lakes，由此可知题干的说法与原文不符，该题的说法是错误的。 [解题关键] 理解关键词汇含义是解题的关键。原文中connect“联接”与题干中join“加入”，意思不符。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[分析] 特定信息的找寻和判断。 根据原文可知1825年Erie运河的开放使得大湖区的定居者们可将粮食运到东部纽约城，而且该运河also encouraged westward migration along inland waterways and helped populate the frontier即鼓励了人们沿内陆水道向西部移民。由此可见，当时的运输是东西双向进行的。因此题干的说法与原文不符，是错误的。 [解题关键] 根据题干特点，对有关方向的信息留心倾听是解题的关键。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[分析] 语义理解题。 根据原文Where the natural waterways were inadequate，shallow canals were built可知哪里的天然水路不够，哪里就有浅的运河修建。由此可见题干的说法与原文意思相符，是正确的。 [解题关键] 掌握语句结构是解题的关键。本题需理解带有where引导的状语从句的复合句的句义。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[分析] 因果关系的找寻和判断。 根据原文It allowed settlers in the Great Lakes region to send their crops eastward to New York City at the mouth of Hudson at a much lower cost．From there，crops could be shipped to other Atlantic ports可知，当时大湖区的定居者们将谷物经水道东运至Hudson河口的纽约城，其运费比其它方式便宜许多。在那里，货物再用船运到大西洋沿岸其它港口。由此可推断，纽约城繁荣的原因应该是因为该地是货物的集散地。而题干说纽约城有比其它大西洋诸港都深的港口在原文中并未提到，因此题干的说法是错误的。 [解题关键] 正确理解语句含义并作出正确的推断是解题的关键。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[分析] 特定信息的找寻和判断。 根据原文The construction of the Erie Canal also encouraged westward migration along inland waterways and helped populate the frontier可知Erie运河的开通鼓励了沿内陆水道向西部的移民，帮助了西部边疆的移民定居。由此可见题干的说法与原文相符，是正确的。 [解题关键] 根据题干关键词正确定位原文相关信息。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[分析] 因果关系的找寻和判断。 根据原文by the mid-1800s，faster and cheaper railroads became more popular and the canal system declined．Railroads could be used year round whereas canals were often frozen in the winter可知到19世纪中期，更为快捷、便宜的铁路运输日益流行，运河水运衰落了。铁路运输可终年使用而冬天结冰使运河无法使用。由此可判断内陆水运系统无法与其它运输形式抗衡的原因在于速度、价格和自然条件的限制，因此题干将耗时列为主要原因，与原文不符，是错误的。 [解题关键] 能够根据语句内在逻辑关系判断因果关系。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[分析] 推理判断题。 根据原文Politically the waterway system united the nation in a way few had imagined possible，by the mid-1800s，faster and cheaper railroads became more popular and the canal system declined可知，从政治角度看水运系统将全国联系起来，这几乎没人能想到。到 19世纪中期，更为快捷、便宜的铁路运输日益流行，运河水运衰落了。由此可推断该句前半部分说明了水运系统的重要性，而后半句则表明其衰落的必然性。因此题干的说法与原文相符，是正确的。 [解题关键] 能够根据语句意思进行正确推断。

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[分析] 特定信息的找寻和判断。 根据原文by the mid-1800s，faster and cheaper railroads became more popular and the canal system declined可知，运河系统的衰落是由于铁路运输的兴起。原文并未提到大西洋各港口的衰败。由此可见题干的说法与原文不符，因此是不正确的。 [解题关键] 根据题干中关键词decline正确定位原文相关信息，将其与题干比较可得出正确答案。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[分析] 数字信息的找寻和判断。 根据原文…in the early 19th century in the United States．At that time，inland waterways provided North America's most popular form of long-distance transportation可知在19世纪早期内陆水运系统是北美最流行的长途运输方式。由此可见题干的说法与原文相符，因此是正确的。 [解题关键] 正确掌握代词的指代关系是解题的关键。原文中that time便指前面的the early 19th century。

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[分析] 主旨题。 原文一开始便提出主题，指出19世纪早期内陆水运系统是北美最流行的长途运输方式，接着以事实为例进行说明。最后进行总结During the first third of the century，however， transportation on rivers，lakes and canals aided greatly in the growth of the United States，即在19世纪前三分之一段的时间内，美国内陆水运对国家发展做出了重大贡献。由此可见题干的说法与原文中心意思相符，因此是正确的。 [解题关键] 掌握文章首尾处内容，有助于正确判断全文主题。