单选题
What makes a group intelligent? You might think a group"s IQ would be simply the average intelligence of the group"s members, or perhaps the intelligence of the team"s smartest participant. But researchers who study groups have found that this isn"t so.
Rather, a group"s intelligence emerges from the interactions that go on within the group. A team"s intelligence can be measured, and like an individual"s IQ score, it can accurately predict the team"s performance on a wide variety of tasks. And just as an individual"s intelligence is malleable (可塑的) and expandable, a group"s intelligence can also be increased. Here are five suggestions on how to guide the development of smart teams:
1. Choose team members carefully.
The smartest groups are composed of people who are good at reading one another"s social cues, according to a study led by Carnegie Mellon University professor Anita Williams Woolley and published in the journal Science.
2. Talk about the "how".
Many members of teams don"t like to spend time talking about "process," preferring to get right down to work — but Woolley notes that groups who take the time to discuss how they will work together are ultimately more efficient and effective.
3. Share the floor.
In the most intelligent teams, found Woolley, members take turns speaking. Participants who dominate the discussion or who hang hack (畏畏缩缩) and don"t say much bring down the intelligence of the group. Alex Sandy Pentland, an MIT professor who studies group dynamics (团体动态), has found that in smart teams, members connect directly with one another — not just with the team leader — and they"re constantly engaging in "back channel" or side conversations that supplement the main discussion.
4. Foster (培养) informal social connections among members.
The smartest teams spend a lot of time communicating outside of formal meetings, says Pentland. He tells of a call center where team members" coffee breaks were staggered (错开的) across the workday. Changing the schedule so that all members had a coffee break at the same time led them to do their work more efficiently and feel more satisfied with their jobs.
5. Be open to external influences.
In the most successful groups, Pentland discovered, team members regularly take off on their own to explore and discover. They then bring that information back to the group, stimulating the group"s work with flesh insights fro1Tl the world outside the Conference room.
单选题
Which of the following is true about a group"s IQ?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的a group"s IQ将本题出处定位于文章前两段。
文章第2段第2句提到，团队的智商能够被测量，并且它和个体智商值一样可以预测团队在完成各种不同任务时的表现。C是对该句的同义转述，其中的various tasks对应文中的a wide variety of tasks。第1段最后一句提到，研究团队的专家发现事实并非如此，其中的so即指团队的智商仅仅是团队成员智商的平均，或者可能是团队中最聪明成员的智商，因此团队智商并不等于团队中最聪明成员的智商，故排除A；B“(团队智商)能够帮助提高其成员的智商”原文未提及，故排除；D属于本末倒置，文中说的是团队智商源于其成员之间的互动，而非团队智商使成员间的互动变成可能，故D也与原文不符，可排除。
单选题
What does Anita Williams Woolley say about members of intelligent teams?
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的Anita Williams Woolley将本题出处定位于第3、4段。
文中第4段第2句破折号后提到，沃利提醒说，花时间讨论如何一起开展工作的团队最终会更高效。由此可见，高智商团队的成员会更注重对工作进程的讨论。A中的work process对应文中的how they will work。B属于反向干扰，喜欢立即开展工作的团队并不那么高效，故排除B；C和D都属于无中生有，故排除。
单选题
According to Alex Sandy Pentland, the intelligence of a group can be ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 根据题干中的Alex Sandy Pentland将本题出处定位于第5段第4句。
第5段第4句提到，麻省理工学院一位研究团体动态的教授亚历克斯·桑迪·彭特兰发现，在聪明的团队中，成员彼此之间直接沟通。由此可见，成员间的直接沟通能够提高团队智商。A中的direct contact with each other对应文中提到的connect directly with one another。B属于过度推断，side conversations只是成员之间私下沟通的一种表现，并不一定能提高团队智商；由文中提到的“掌控讨论的人和畏畏缩缩不怎么发言的人都会降低团队智商”可排除C；D属于无中生有，文中没有提到团队领导对团队智商的影响，因此也予以排除。
单选题
What does Pentland mean by telling about the story of the call center?