填空题 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Bright Sparks
Not everyone is a genius, but don't say so in front of the children

By the time Laszlo Polgar's first baby was born in 1969 he already had firm views on child- rearing. An eccentric citizen of communist Hungary, he had written a book called Bring up Genius! and one of his favourite sayings was 'Geniuses are made, not born'. An expert on the theory of chess, he proceeded to teach little Zsuzsa at home, spending up to ten hours a day on the game. Two more daughters were similarly hot-housed. All three obliged their father by becoming world-class players. The youngest, Judit, is currently ranked 13th in the world, and is by far the best female chess player of all time.
Would the experiment have succeeded with a different trio of children? If any child can be turned into a star, then a lot of time and money are being wasted worldwide on trying to pick winners.
America has long held 'talent searches', using test results and teacher recommendations to select children for advanced school courses, summer schools and other extra tuition. This provision is set to grow. In his state-of-the-union address in 2006, President George Bush announced the 'American Competitiveness Initiative', which, among much else, would train 70,000 high-school teachers to lead advanced courses for selected pupils in mathematics and science. Just as the superpowers' space race made Congress put money into science education, the thought of China and India turning out hundreds of thousands of engineers and scientists is scaring America into prodding its brightest to do their best.
The philosophy behind this talent search is that ability is innate; that it can be diagnosed with considerable accuracy; and that it is worth cultivating.
In America, bright children are ranked as 'moderately', 'highly', 'exceptionally' and 'profoundly' gifted. The only chance to influence innate ability is thought to be in the womb or the first couple of years of life. Hence the fad for 'teaching aids' such as videos and flashcards for newborns, and 'whale sounds' on tape which a pregnant mother can strap to her belly.
In Britain, there is a broadly similar belief in the existence of innate talent, but also an egalitarian sentiment which makes people queasy about the idea of investing resources in grooming intelligence.
Teachers are often opposed to separate provision for the best-performing children, saying any extra help should go to stragglers. In 2002, in a bid to help the able while leaving intact the ban on most selection by ability in state schools, the government set up the National Academy for Gifted and Talented Youth. This outfit runs summer schools and master classes for children nominated by their schools. To date, though, only seven in ten secondary schools have nominated even a single child. Last year all schools were told they must supply the names of their top 10%.
Picking winners is also the order of the day in ex-communist states, a hangover from the times when talented individuals were plucked from their homes and ruthlessly trained for the glory of the nation. But in many other countries, opposition to the idea of singling out talent and grooming it runs deep. In Scandinavia, a belief in virtues like modesty and social solidarity makes people flinch from the idea of treating brainy children differently. And in Japan there is a widespread belief that all children are born with the same innate abilities—and should therefore be treated alike. All are taught together, covering the same syllabus at the same rate until they finish compulsory schooling. Those who learn quickest are expected then to teach their classmates.
In China, extra teaching is provided, but to a self-selected bunch. 'Children's palaces' in big cities offer a huge range of after-school classes. Anyone can sign up; all that is asked is excellent attendance.
Statistics give little clue as to which system is best. The performance of the most able is heavily affected by factors other than state provision. Most state education in Britain is nominally non-selective, but middle-class parents try to live near the best schools. Ambitious Japanese parents have made private, out-of-school tuition a thriving business. And Scandinavia's egalitarianism might work less well in places with more diverse populations and less competent teachers. For what it's worth, the data suggest that some countries—like Japan and Finland—can eschew selection and still thrive. But that does not mean that any country can ditch selection and do as well.
Mr. Polgar thought any child could be a prodigy given the right teaching, an early start and enough practice. At one point he planned to prove it by adopting three baby boys from a poor country and trying his methods on them. (His wife vetoed the scheme.) Some say the key to success is simply hard graft. Judit, the youngest of the Polgar sisters, was the most driven, and the most successful; Zsofia, the middle one, was regarded as the most talented, but she was the only one who did not achieve the status of grand master. 'Everything came easiest to her,' said her older sister. 'But she was lazy.'

—Economist

填空题 Look at the following descriptions and the list of countries below.
Match each description with the correct country, A-E.
Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
List of Countries
A America
B Japan
C China
D Britain
E Scandinavia

Attending extra teaching is open to anyone.

填空题 Both views of innate and equity co-exist.

填空题 Talented children will be selected to learn advanced courses.

填空题 Children with innate ability perform at least moderately well.

填空题 Social characteristics hinder the investment in talented children.

填空题 Parents choose to live in places with better schools.

填空题 The variety of population leads to the inequality in education.

填空题 Craze of audio and video teaching for pregnant women.

填空题 All children share the same level of innate ability.

填空题 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this One of the three children became the best female chess player in the world.

填空题 Every child can turn into a famous person with sufficient time and funding.

填空题 Teaching in the right way is more important than teaching earlier.

填空题 Hard-working plays a vital role in being successful.