Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche(精神)was superiority. Although【C1】______he believed that individuals struggled to【C2】______superiority over others, Adler eventually developed a more【C3】______definition of the drive for superiority. Adler's【C4】______of striving for superiority does not refer to the everyday meaning of the word superiority. He did not mean that we【C5】______seek to surpass one another in【C6】______or position, nor did he mean that we seek to【C7】______an exaggerated importance over our【C8】______. Rather, Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire, to be competent and effective, complete and【C9】______, in whatever one strives to do. Striving for superiority occasionally takes the【C10】______of an exaggerated lust for power. An individual may seek to play god and exercise【C11】______over objects and people. The goal may introduce a【C12】______tendency into our lives, in which we play games of ""dog eat dog"". But such【C13】______of the desire for superiority do not reflect its more【C14】______, constructive nature. According to Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for survival that human beings share with other species in the【C15】______of evolution. From this【C16】______, life is not【C17】______by the need to reduce【C18】______or restore equilibrium, as Sigmund Freud tended to think; instead, life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from【C19】______to superior. The particular ways in which individuals undertakes their【C20】______for superiority are determined by their culture, their unique history, and their style of life."
【答案解析】选项A表示“保持;维持”。maintain有“维护”某种事物以使之“保持”正常状态的意思。根据上下文,上文提到了“primary最初的,根本的”,下文又提到“nordid he mean that we seek to‘maintain保持,维持’这种最初的精神的目的”,所以选择“maintain”。而选项B“使显著,使突出;强调”,选项C“向……再保证”,选项D“同意(一种理论、学派等)”均不符合题意。
【答案解析】B表示“完全的;彻底的”。根据文章的递进结构“competent and effective”,而且thorough意为“彻底的”,在表达“完全”的同时着重其彻底性,所以应是“complete and thorough完全的和彻底的”。而选项A“有害的,不利的”,选项C“服从的,顺从的”,选项D“得胜的,得意洋洋的”均不符合题意。
单选题
【C10】
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】“take the form of以……形式”符合题意.本题考查词组搭配。根据原文意思:“为优越感而奋斗偶尔会以夸张的贪求权力的行为的形式出现”。所以选择“form”。而选项A“take shape成形”,选项C“式样”,选项D“样式”均没有此搭配,不符合题意。
【答案解析】选项B表示“有害的;敌对的,敌方的,敌意的”,指态度、行为十分不友好且具危险性。根据上下文,上文提到“an exaggerated lust for power”以及下文的“dogeat dog”,可见“the goal of superiority is hostile”。而选项A“和蔼可亲的;令人愉悦的”与原文意思相反,选项C“外国的,外国人的;陌生的”,选项D“残忍的,残酷的”是本题的干扰项,不符合题意。
单选题
【C13】
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】选项C表示“表现欲”。根据上文的“play games of‘dog eat dog’”可知,这是一种“expression表现欲”。而选项A“引导,指导”,选项B“遗传;遗产”,选项D“扭曲;变形;曲解”均不符合题意。
【答案解析】选项A表示“下等的,下级的;差的,次的”。根据原文的平行结构:“frombelow to above,from minus to plus”,所以应填“inferior”,与“superior优良的,卓越的;上级的”形成意思上的对比。而选项B“下降,降下;斜坡;血统,家世”,选项C“最小的,最低的”,选项D“有威望的;有声望的”均不与“superior”构成对比和平行,不符合题意。