听力原文：

tutor ： Ah ... come in, Russ.

russ ： Thank you.

tutor： Now you wanted to consult me about your class presentation on nanotechnology - you’re due to give it in next week, aren't you?

russ ： That's right. And I'm really struggling. I chose the topic because I didn’t know much about it and wanted to learn more, but now I've read so much about it, in a way there’s too much to say - 1 could talk for much longer than the twenty minutes I've been allocated. Should I assume the other students don’t know much, and give them a kind of general introduction, or should 丨 try and make them share my fascination with a particular aspect?

tutor ： You could do either, but you’ll need to have it clear in your own mind.

russ ： Then I think I’ll give an overview .

tutor ： OK. Now, one way of approaching this is to work through developments in chronological order.

russ： Uh-huh.

tutor： On the other hand, you could talk about the numerous ways that nanotechnology is being applied.

russ： You mean things like thin films on camera displays to make them water-repellent, and additives to make motorcycle helmets stronger and lighter.

tutor: Exactly. Or another way would be to focus on its impact in one pa rticula r area, say  medicine, or space exploration.

russ： That would make it easier to focus. Perhaps I should do that.

tutor ： I think that would be a good idea.

russ： Right. How important is it to include slides in the presentation?

tutor： They aren't essential, by any means. And there's a danger of tailo ring what you say to fit whatever slides you can find. While it can be good to include slides, vou could end up spending too Iong looking for suitable ones. You might find it better to leave them out.

russ： I see. Another thing I was wondering about was how to start. I know presentations often begin with 'First I'm going to talk about this, and then I’ll talk about that’，but I thought about asking the audience what they know about nanotechnology.

tutor: That would be fine if you had an hour or two for the presentation, but you might find that you can't do anything with the answers you get, and it simply eats into the short time that's available.

russ： So, maybe I should mention a particular way that nanotechnology is used, to focus people's attention.

tutor： That sounds sensible.

russ： What do you think I should do next? I really have to plan the presentation today and tomorrow

tutor： Well, initially I think you should ignore all the notes you've made, take a sm all piece of paper, and write a single short sentence that ties together the whole presentation:  it can be something as simple as ‘Nanotechnology is already improving our lives’. Then start planning the content around that. You can always modify that sentence later, if you need to.

russ ： OK .

tutor ： OK, now le t’s think about actually giving the presentation. You've only given one before, if I remember correctly, about an experiment you’d been involved in.

russ ： That's right. It was pretty rubbish!

tutor： Let’s say it was better in some respects than in others. With regard to the structure. I felt that vou ended rather abruptly, without rounding it off. Be careful not to do that in next week's presentation.

russ ： OK .

tutor： And you made very little eye contact w ith the audience, because you were lookina  down at your notes most of the time. You need to be looking at the audience and only occasionally glancing at your notes.

russ ： Mmm .

tutor： Your body lanauage was a little odd. Every time you showed a slide, you turned your  back on the audience so you could look at it - you should have been lookina at your laptop. And you kept scratching your head, so I found myself wondering when you were next going to do that, instead of listening to what you were saying！

russ： Oh dear. What did you think of the language? I knew that not everyone was familiar with the subject, so I tried to make it as simple as I could.

tutor ： Yes, that came across. You used a few words that are specific to the field, but you  always explained what they meant, so the audience wouldn't have had any difficulty understanding.

russ ： Uh-huh.

tutor : I must say the handouts you prepared were well thought out. They were a good summary of your presentation, which people would be able to refer to later on. So well done on that.

russ ： Thank you.

tutor ： Well, I hope that helps you with next week's presentation.

russ ： Yes, it  ill. Thanks a lot.

tutor ： I’ll look forward to seeing a big improvement, then.