单选题Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.
For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C or D on the right side of
the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the
passage. Research on animal intelligence always
makes me wonder just how smart humans are. {{U}} {{U}} 1
{{/U}} {{/U}}the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmer's piece in the
Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the
average fruit fly {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}to live shorter
lives. This suggests that {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}bulbs burn
longer, that there is an {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}in not being
too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it {{U}} {{U}}
5 {{/U}} {{/U}}, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns
more fuel and is slow {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}the starting
line because it depends on learuing—a {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}}
{{/U}}process—instead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and
one of the things they've apparently learned is when to {{U}} {{U}}
8 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Is there an adaptive value to
{{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}intelligence? That's the question
behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance,
{{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}at all the species we've left in the
dust I. Q. -wise, it implicitly asks what the real {{U}} {{U}} 11
{{/U}} {{/U}}of our own intelligence might be. This is {{U}} {{U}}
12 {{/U}} {{/U}}the mind of every animal I've ever met.
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals
would {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}on humans if they had the
chance. Every cat with an owner, {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}},
is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. We believe that
{{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}animals ran the labs, they would
test us to {{U}} {{U}} 16 {{/U}} {{/U}}the limits of our
patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to
decide what intelligence in humans is really {{U}} {{U}} 17
{{/U}} {{/U}}, not merely how much of it there is. {{U}} {{U}}
18 {{/U}} {{/U}}, they would hope to study a {{U}} {{U}}
19 {{/U}} {{/U}}question: Are humans actually aware of the world they
live in? {{U}} {{U}} 20 {{/U}} {{/U}}the results are
inconclusive.
单选题
A. Suppose
B. Consider
C. Observe
D. Imagine
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择动词,放在祈使句句首。选项A.suppose认为,假定;B.consider考虑;C.observe观察;D.imagine想象。文章开篇指出:Research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how small humans are. “对动物智慧的研究总是让我对人类到底有多聪明感到好奇”,接着举了果蝇的例子,该句要选择的动词应与上句在语义上衔接。用consider意为“让读者考虑一下(果蝇实验)”,从而引出下文,其他选项均不符合题意。
单选题
A. tended
B. feared
C. happened
D. threatened
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接/固定搭配题。本题目选择动词(过去式),与介词“to”构成动词短语,在句子中充当谓语。选项A.tended to易于,往往会……;B.feared to害怕做某事;C.happened to碰巧做某事;D.threatened to威胁要做某事。Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the average fruit ny to live shorter lives. 原文讲述的是在实验中经常发生的一种情况,即“通过训练变得更聪明的果蝇,其寿命往往比普通果蝇短”。故选A。
单选题
A. thinner
B. stabler
C. lighter
D. dimmer
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择形容词比较级,在句中作定语修饰bulbs。This suggests that bulbs burn longer, ...“这让人想起……的灯泡照明时间比较长……。”上句讲到“聪明的果蝇寿命往往较短”,这句接着用灯泡作类比,承接上句语义,应该是越不亮的灯泡用的时间越长,所以选D.dimmer较暗的;选项C.lighter更亮的,与前文意思相悖;A.thinner更薄的,更瘦的;B.stable更稳定的;该两项均不符合题意。
单选题
A. tendency
B. advantage
C. inclination
D. priority
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 词汇辨析/固定搭配题。本题目选择名词,并与in搭配。选项A.tendency趋势,倾向,后面常接介词for或动词不定式,如:a tendency for sth. 或a tendency to do sth. (做)某事的倾向;B.advantage优势,后常接介词in,即an advantage in sth. 在某方面具有优势;C.inelination倾向,意愿,倾斜度,后常接介词for或动词不定式,即an inclination for sth. 或an inclimation to do sth. 想做某事;D.priority优先权,后常接over,如:take priority over sth. /sb. (比某事/某人)具有优先权。且从上下文语义来看,前面说聪明的果蝇寿命短,越不亮的灯泡用的时间越长,所以这里语义应为“不太聪明(灯泡不太亮)是有优势的”,故B为正确选项。注意,bright在此处是一语双关,既可表示“灯泡不那么亮”,也可表示“人不那么聪明”。
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接题。本题目选择介词,体现与the starting line(起跑线)的逻辑关系。选项B.behind和C.over可以首先排除,因为这里没有涉及空间位置关系;若选D.along则是“沿着起跑线徘徊”之意,这与后面的proeess意思不符;选项A.off有“离开”之意,slow off the starting line表示“离开起跑线慢了”,即“起步慢了”,但仍在进步,与后文逻辑一致,故选A。
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接/词汇辨析题。Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to. “许多其他物种都能够学习,它们显然已经学会的一件事就是什么时候……学习。”由上文可知,聪明需要学习,很多物种都能够学习,但都没有变聪明,这是因为它们还学会了适时停止学习。因此选C。其他三项在语义上均不通。
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择副词以表明逻辑关系。“we've left in the dust I.Q. wise”是定语从句,修饰the species。cast a glance at...意为“对……投以目光”;“leave sb. in the dust”是固定搭配,“将某人远远抛在后面”的意思;I.Q. wise是派生词,后缀wise表示方式,意为“在I.Q. 方面”。这句话是说“该研究不是要我们对那些在智力方面已被人类远远抛在后面的物种投以悲怜的眼光。”人类看这些被抛在后面的物种,自然是往后看了,所以D.backward为正确选项,A.upward向上;B.forward向前;C.afterward之后,后来(表时间);该三项均不符合题意。
单选题
A. features
B. influences
C. results
D. costs
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接/词义辨析题。本题目选择名词,做宾语从句的主语。...it implicitly asks what the real of our own intelligence might be. “这项实验含蓄地提出一个问题:人类智慧的真正……可能是什么。”前文已经提到Intelligence...is a high-priced option,因此应选D.costs。选项A.features特征;B.influences影响;C.results结果,均不符合题意。
单选题
A. outside
B. on
C. by
D. across
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 固定搭配题。本题目选择介词,与mind搭配。on one's mind或on the mind of sb. 是固定短语,意为“有心事,总是想着”,其他三项均不能与mind构成固定搭配。
单选题
A. deliver
B. carry
C. perform
D. apply
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 固定搭配题。本题目选择动词,作为wonder引导的宾语从句的谓语。选择的动词应与experiments搭配。选项A.deliver递送;D.apply应用;两者均不能与experiments搭配。若用carry,则为earry out experiments,故只能选C.perfom执行,perform experiments意为“做实验”。
单选题
A. by chance
B. in contrast
C. as usual
D. for instance
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 词汇辨析题。本题目选择介词短语在句中做插入语,表明逻辑关系。前文已经讲到作者很好奇,如果动物有机会的活,会对人类进行何种实验。本句接着说Every cat with an owner is running a small scale study in operant eonditioning. “每一只有主人的猫都在进行一项有关操作性条件反射的小规模研究。”这是以cat为例进一步论述动物对人进行实验,因此应选择表示举例的介词短语,故选D.for instance例如。选项A.by chance偶然;B.in contrast与……相比;C.as usual像往常一样;均不符合题意。
【答案解析】[解析] 逻辑衔接题。本题目选择逻辑关系词,体现前后句子之间的逻辑关系。前面两句解释了假设动物对人类进行实验会进行的的内容:它们想了解人类的某些极限,想知道人类智慧的用途。本句与前两句构成并列排比,they would hope to study a question“它们希望研究一个问题”,与前两句应为顺承关系,表示强调或递进,所以B.After all毕竟;C.However但是;D.Otherwise否则;三者均不符合题意,只有Above all“首先,尤其是”符合题意。
单选题
A. fundamental
B. comprehensive
C. equivalent
D. hostile
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 语义衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择形容词,作定语修饰question。选项A.fundamental基本的;B.comprehensive综合的;C.equivalent相等的;D.hostile敌对的。由下文可知,这个question是Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?“人类是否真正了解他们生活的这个世界?”这应该是个最基本的问题,故选A。
单选题
A. By accident
B. In time
C. So far
D. Better still
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 逻辑衔接/词汇辨析题。本题目选择短语体现与前面句子的逻辑关系。前面句子提出一个问题,本句讲the results are inconclusive(……结果是不确定的)。因此,选项C.so far“迄今为止”最符合题意,A.By accident.偶然;B.In time及时;D.Better still更好;三者都不符合语义。