填空题 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading, Passage 1 below.

The 9 Billion-People Question

The world's population will grow from almost 7 billion now to over 9 billion in 2050. John Parker asks if there will be enough food to go round.
A THE 1.6-hectare (4-acre) Broadbalk field lies in the centre of Rothamsted farm, about 40km (25 miles) north of London. In 1847 the farm's founder, Sir John Lawes, described its soil as a heavy loam resting on chalk and capable of producing good wheat when well manured. The 2010 harvest did not seem to vindicate his judgment. In the centre of the field the wheat is abundant, yielding 10 tonnes a hectare, one of the highest rates in the world for a commercial crop. But at the western end, near the manor house, it produces only 4 or 5 tonnes a hectare; other, spindlier, plants yield just 1 or 2 tonnes.
B Broadbalk is no ordinary field. The first experimental crop of winter wheat was sown there in the autumn of 1843, and for the past 166 years the field, part of the Rothamsted Research station, has been the site of the longest-running continuous agricultural experiment in the world. Now different parts of the field are sown using different practices, making Broadbalk a microcosm of the state of world farming.
C The wheat yielding a tonne a hectare is like an African field, and for the same reason: this crop has had no fertiliser, pesticide or anything else applied to it. African farmers are sometimes thought to be somehow responsible for their low yields, but the blame lies with the technology at their disposal. Given the same technology, European and American farmers get the same results. The wheat bearing 4 or 5 tonnes a hectare is, roughly, like that of the Green Revolution, the transformation of agriculture that swept the world in the 1970s. It has been treated with herbicides and some fertilisers, but not up to the standard of the most recent agronomic practices, nor is it the highest-yielding semi-dwarf wheat variety. This is the crop of the Indian subcontinent and of Argentina. The extraordinary results in the centre of the field are achieved by using the best plants, fertilisers, fungicides and husbandry. The yield is higher than the national average in Britain, and is as good as it gets.
D But the Broadbalk field shows something else. A research paper recently published tracks its yields from the start, showing how the three different kinds of wheat farming—African, Green Revolution and modern—have diverged, sometimes quite suddenly: in the 1960s with the introduction of new herbicides for Green Revolution wheat, and in the 1980s with new fungicides and semi-dwarf varieties. Worryingly, though, in the past 15 years the yields of the most productive varieties of wheat in Broadbalk have begun to level out or even fall. The fear is that Broadbalk may prove a microcosm in this respect, too.
E At the start of 2011 the food industry is in crisis. World food prices have risen above the peak they reached in early 2008. That was a time when hundreds of millions of people fell into poverty, food riots were shaking governments in dozens of developing countries, exporters were banning grain sales abroad and 'land grabs' carried out by rich grain- importing nations in poor agricultural ones were raising awkward questions about how best to help the poor. This time, too, there have been export bans, food riots, panic buying and emergency price controls, just as in 2007-2008. Fears that drought might ruin the current wheat crop in China, the world's largest, are sending shock waves through world markets. Discontent over rising bread prices has played a part in the popular uprisings throughout the Middle East. There are differences between the periods, but the fact that agriculture has experienced two big price spikes in four years suggests that something serious is rattling the world's food chain.
F The food industry has been attracting extra attention of other kinds. For years some of the most popular television programmes in English-speaking countries have been cooking shows. That may point to a healthy interest in food, but then again it may not. The historian Livy thought the Roman Empire started to decay when cooks acquired celebrity status.
G At a meeting of the Group of Eight (G8) industrial countries in 2009 the assembled leaders put food alongside the global financial crisis on their list of top priorities, promising to find $20 billion for agriculture over three years. This year the current president of the Group of 20 (G20), France's Nicolas Sarkozy, wants to make food the top priority. The Gates Foundation, the world's richest charity, which had previously focused on health and development generally, started to concentrate more on feeding the world. At last month's World Economic Forum, a gathering of businesspeople and policymakers in Davos, 17 global companies launched what they described as 'a new vision for agriculture', promising to do more to promote markets for smallholders—a sign of rising alarm in the private sector.

{{B}}—Economist{{/B}}

填空题 Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, Ⅰ-Ⅺ, in boxes on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
Ⅰ The importance of smallholders in the new vision for agriculture
Ⅱ The identity of Broabalk in history
Ⅲ The negative influence the increasing food price produces
Ⅳ The background of Broadbalk
Ⅴ Less wheat yielding in the past decade
Ⅵ The value of food in ancient Rome
Ⅶ The reasons why productivity vary
Ⅷ The changes in the concern of food policy
Ⅸ The effect of food riots on government management
Ⅹ The inequality in wheat yielding in Broadbalk
Ⅺ The two sides of food industry

Paragraph

填空题 Paragraph B

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填空题 Paragraph D

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填空题 Paragraph G

填空题 Complete the summary using the list of words, A-H, below. Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes on your answer sheet. As the epitome of world farming, Broadbalk field has three different kinds of wheat production: that with the lowest output represents {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}and the reason is that there is no {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}to use. The area with moderate yield implies {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}, which had happened during the {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}in 1970s. The reason for this situation is that the fertilisers and pesticides used are all lower than the criterion in the {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}. The highest crop output happened in the centre of the Broadbalk and its yield is even higher than that in {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}. A England B Africa C Indian subcontinent D husbandry E chemicals F Green Revolution G Europe H agronomy