The “standard of living” of any country means the average person's share of the goods and services the country produces. A country's standard of living, (31) ________, depends first and (32) ________ on its capacity to produce wealth, “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money (33) ________ on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “services” such as transport and “(34) ________”. A country's capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of (35) ________ have an effect on one another. Wealth depends (36) ________ a great extent upon a country's natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil, and a (37) ________ climate; other regions possess none of them.
Next to natural resources (38) ________ the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well (39) ________ as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and (40) ________ wars, and (41) ________ this and other reasons was (42) ________ to develop her resources. (43) _____ and stable political conditions, and (44) ________ from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well (45) ________ by nature but less well ordered.
A country's standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed (46) ________ its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. (47) ________ Britain's wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if she had to depend only on (48) ________ grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would (49) ________ be lacking. A country's wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, (50) ________ that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures.
前一句说任何国家的生活水平都是指国家生产的商品和服务的人均占有量，此句说一个国家的生活水平依赖于它生产财富的能力。前后两句为因果关系。故选B。
first and foremost为固定搭配，表示“首先且最重要的是……”。故选C。
根据句意：从这个意义上说，财富不是金钱，因为我们不是靠金钱生活，而是靠金钱可以买到的东西，所以用but表示转折。故选C。
根据句意：食品、服装等商品，以及交通和……等服务。entertainment娱乐。illusionment幻觉， 错觉。启迪；enlightenment启蒙运动。increation创作。四个选项中只有D项属于服务，可以与交通并列。故选D。
根据句意：一个国家生产财富的能力取决于许多因素，而其中大部分因素对彼此都有影响。此 处应该使用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的先行词“factors”。if和that均不能用来引导非限制性定 语从句，故选C。
to a great extent为固定搭配，表示“很大程度上”。故选C。
根据句意：世界上有些地区的煤炭和矿产供应充足，土壤肥沃，气候宜人。favorable有利的；良 好的。neutral中立的，中性的。virtuous善良的；有道德的。marginal边缘的；临界的。故选B。
the ability为单数形式，所以此处谓语动词come应使用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
根据句意：中国在自然资源方面可能和美国一样富裕……。well off为固定搭配，表示“富裕的”。故选A。
根据句意：中国在自然资源方面可能和美国一样富裕，但是遭受了多年的内战和……的折磨。 与内战相对应的是外部战争。external外部的。invisible无形的，看不见的。contemporary当代的。domestic 国内的。故选B。
for...reason为固定搭配，表示“由于”。故选A。
根据句意：出于这个和其他原因而无法发展她的资源。unable to为固定搭配，表示“不能……”。 故选C。
根据句意：……和稳定的政治环境，使得国家能够开发她的资源。和稳定在一起搭配修饰政治 环境的应该是sound“健全的”。故选C。
根据句意：免受外国侵略才能使国家和平而稳定地开发自然资源。freedom from为固定搭配，表示“免于”。故选B。
根据句意：免受外国侵略才能使国家和平而稳定地开发自然资源，创造出比其他自然条件同等 良好但秩序差的国家更多的财富。well served by nature自然条件良好。accuse控告，指控。avenge报复，报 仇。rescue营救；援救。故选D。
根据句意：一个国家的生活水平不仅取决于其国内生产和消耗的财富，但是也取决于通过国际贸易产生的间接财富。within its own borders国内的。故选B。
在前一句中，作者表达了“一个国家的生活水平不仅取决于其国内生产和消耗的财富，但是也取 决于通过国际贸易产生的间接财富”的观点，后一句以英国为例进行说明。for example例如。故选B。
根据句意：英国在食品和其他农产品方面的财富如果只依靠国内生产的那些东西就会少得多。 此处用those指代前面提到的食品和农产品。故选A。
根据句意：贸易使英国将剩余的产品在国外进行贸易以换取那些原本稀缺的农产品。剩余和稀 缺是反义词，所以此空应填入一个表示转折的词。otherwise否则；另外。likewise同样地；也。故选D。
根据句意：因此，一个国家的财富很大程度上受到其制造业产能的影响，假如其他国家已经准 备好接受它的制造业。provided假如；倘若。故选A。