填空题Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go
over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet
1. For questions 1 - 7, mark Y
(for YES) if the statement agrees with
the information given in the
passage; N (for NO)
if the statement contradicts the
information given in the
passage; NG (for NOT
GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in
the passage. Before humans came on the
scene, the world changed only slowly. The climate warmed and cooled, new plants
and animals evolved (进化) and became extinct in their turn, and sea
levels rose and fell over periods of thousands, if not millions, of years. But
during the last two thousand years there have been very great changes. Forests
have disappeared, river courses have been changed, and large areas of natural
vegetation have turned into farmland and cities. There are serious problems for
the survival of the human race. The Greenhouse
Effect It may be cold outside, but on a sunny day it
can be hot in a greenhouse. Some of the gases in the Earth's atmosphere act like
the glass in a greenhouse. Radiant heat from the Sun can pass through them to
warm the Earth below. But the ground also loses heat by radiation (辐射).
The "'greenhouse gases" send some of this heat back towards the Earth's surface
and help to keep it warm. However, by burning fuels and forests, we are putting
larger and larger amounts of these greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. As a
result, the Earth is slowly warming up. This is called the greenhouse
effect. The greenhouse effect could cause dry weather in some
parts of the world. If the polar icecaps melt and sea levels rise, many areas of
the world will be flooded. Scientists believe that the only way to slow the
greenhouse effect is for us to produce less of the gases which cause
it. Air Pollution and Acid Rain
Pollution is caused when what we do damages our surroundings. Factories,
power stations and motor vehicles send waste gases and soot (烤烟) into
the air. The polluted air damages people's lungs. Some petrol had lead in it.
The lead comes out in car exhaust fumes and it can cause brain damage in
children. The waste gases coming from burning coal, oil and
petrol include sulphur (硫黄) dioxide and nitrogen (氮) dioxide.
These gases may dissolve (溶解) in water in the atmosphere to form weak
acids. They later fall to the Earth as acid rain, sometimes hundreds of
kilometers from where they were formed. Much of the acid rain in Canada is
caused by smoke from factories and power stations in the USA; the acid rain in
Scandinavia may come from Britain. Acid rain attacks trees and
other plants, and kills the fish and water animals living in lakes and rivers.
Acid rain and polluted air also damage the bricks and stonework of buildings,
and corrode (Neck) the metalwork of steel bridges and railings.
Acid rain is difficult to control because it spreads so far. And the ways of
avoiding acid rain are all expensive. The Ozone
Hole Ozone (臭氧) is a gas which forms a layer
around the planet at about 20 to 50 km above the Earth's surface. The ozone
layer prevents the Sun's dangerous ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth
where it would damage our skin and cause cancers. Many scientists are worried
that the ozone layer is being destroyed by the CFCs which are used in
refrigerators and freezers. These chemicals are also important greenhouse gases.
At certain times of the year the ozone layer becomes extremely thin near the
north and south poles. Already skin cancers are increasing in
Australia. Many countries are trying to stop the production of
CFCs and to find other chemicals to do the same thing. Radioactive Waste Nuclear power stations
produce waste which is radioactive. Some of this waste is released by the power
stations into the air or water; some is stored. It can be carried long distances
by wind or by water. Many scientists worry about the long-term effects of this
type of pollution on humans and wildlife.
填空题
The greenhouse effect is caused by radiant heat from the Sun, which passes through the glasses and thus warms the Earth below.
填空题
One way to solve the problem of the greenhouse effect is to use nuclear power to replace traditional fuels so that less gas will be produced.
填空题
Air pollution is caused by waste gases and soot sent into the air and the lead coming out in car exhaust.
填空题
Air pollution leads to lung and brain damage in animals and kills plants.
填空题
Acid rain may fall in some places very far away from where it is formed.
填空题
The thin ozone layer near the north and south poles is caused by CFCs, a kind of greenhouse effect gases.
填空题
Scientists are having a hot discussion on how to solve the problems of radioactive waste because people will be largely dependent upon nuclear power in the future.
填空题
The greenhouse effect will cause ______.
填空题
If the ultraviolet radiation from the sun arrives at the Earth, it would ______.
填空题
According to the author, the reason for the environmental changes and problems is ______.