单选题
Devil, V8, Anal, Christ: these are among the baby names
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by New Zealand"s department of internal affairs, who recently
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a
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list of those disallowed by registrars in the past ten years.
Few decisions are more
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than the naming of offspring. Yet laws
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the choice of both first names and surnames are not
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around the world. Denmark expects new parents to choose from a register of acceptable names; Portugal lists banned and approved ones. German registrars prohibit the use of most nouns and place-names, and also frown
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any that do not clearly imply a gender: bad luck, Kim.
Governments argue that these rules prevent children being
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with absurd names that may cause them problems in later life. They also aim to block names that might cause
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to others. In 2009 a couple in New Jersey lost custody of a boy they had named Adolf Hitler.
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concerns play a role, too. Government databases may struggle with long names: New Zealand allows 100 characters for all first names; the state of Massachusetts has a
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of 40 for each. Chinese face a particular difficulty: their language has tens of thousands of characters, but a name that uses
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or rare ones can mean computer problems.
Whether these decisions make any difference is another matter. A study in 2002 suggested that individuals may be influenced by their first names, without even being
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of it. A disproportionate number of girls named Georgia live in the American state that
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their name; boys named Dennis may be slightly
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likely to become dentists than those called Walter (and Georges seem to have a
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for geology). Academics with surnames in the
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half of alphabet are more likely to get good university jobs (the authors of papers are listed alphabetically). Ballot papers that list politicians" names that way also show a
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effect.
But reinvention beckons. Britain"s chancellor was born Gideon Osborne; aged 13, he became George. The UK Deed Poll Service, a legal firm, in 2011 helped 60,000 Britons rename themselves (fees start at £33, around $50); it was only 5,000 a decade before. American courts report similar trends. Some such applicants may wish to
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their parents" expectations, while others may regret they were not given a more
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name.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 上下文语义+动词词义辨析
[解析] 根据下文的a list of those disallowed by registrars...,可以判断这里列举的几个名字Devil,V8,Anal,Christ,都是被禁止的名字。register“注册”;reject“拒绝,否认”;advocate“提倡”;stress“强调,重视”。正确答案应该选B。
【答案解析】[考点] 动词词义辨析
[解析] 横线处需要填一个动词的现在分词形式,做后置定语。rectify意思是“纠正,修复”。adjust意思是“调整”;regulate意思是“管制,控制”;amend意思是“修订,修改”。将四个词分别填到空格处,不难发现意思最符合句义的应该是regulate。laws regulating the choice of both first names and surnames意思是“管理取名字的法律”。
【答案解析】[考点] 动词与介词的搭配
[解析] frown这个动词表示“皱眉,蹙眉”,表示一种不满的情绪,后面往往和介词upon/on搭配,表示“对……不满”。例如,My parents always frown on late nights out. 我父母向来不赞成深夜外出。Even though divorce is legal, it is still frowned upon. 尽管法律上讲离婚是合法的,但是人们还是对它嗤之以鼻。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[考点] 动词词义辨析
[解析] 横线处所在的这一段是在解释政府要干预取名字这件事的原因。第一个原因是要防止孩子们因为名字不好而遭受负面影响。imitate表示“模仿”;intimidate表示“恐吓,吓唬”,sb. be intimidated by sth. 表示“某人被……威胁、恐吓”;burden表示“给……造成负担”,sb. be burdened with sth.,表示“某人承受……负担”;laugh表示“笑”,后面需要加介词at才能表示“嘲笑”。因此最符合句义,语法上也符合要求的词是burden,C为正确答案。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[考点] 上下文语义+名词词义辨析
[解析] 横线处这句话是政府限制取名字的自由的第二条理由。他们想要阻止那些可能会给他人带来______的名字。横线后面这句话举了一个例子,2009年,新泽西州的一对夫妻失去了对他们的孩子的监护权,因为他们给他们的孩子取名叫阿道夫·希特勒。像这样的名字会让他人觉得不适。A.inconvenience表示“不便”,cause inconvenience to others表示“给他人造成不便”,不符合上下文语义;B.insult表示“侮辱”,cause insult to others表示“对他人造成侮辱”,不符合句义;C.panic表示“恐慌”,cause panic“造成恐慌”,后面不接to sb.,如果要加介词往往用cause panic in。D.offence表示“冒犯”,cause offense to sb.,表示“对他人造成冒犯,使他人感到不适”,为正确答案。
【答案解析】[考点] 同义词辨析
[解析] 四个选项都有“限制”之意。A.restraint和B.constraint往往都表示对某种行为的限制,例如,There are no constraints on your choice of subject for the essay. 文章内容不拘,你可任选。The government has imposed rest raints on corporate mergers. 政府已经对公司合并的行为加以限制。C.limit指“(时间、空间、程度、数量等方面能或允许达到的)最大限度”,文中强调父母给孩子起名字的长度的限制,可以使用limit一词。D.confinement的意思是“限制在某个空间内”。He has been put in solitary confinement for attacking another prisoner. 他因伤害另一囚犯而被隔离监禁。
【答案解析】[考点] 形容词(过去分词)词义辨析
[解析] 横线处所在的一句话的意思是“一项2002年的调查研究显示个人往往会受到他们的名字的影响,这种影响甚至连他们自己都没有意识到”。A.conscientious表示“认真的”;remind表示“提醒,提示”,sb. be reminded of sth. “提醒某人某事”;C.conscious“意识到的”,形容词,固定搭配是be conscious of sth. “意识到……”。notice“注意”,但是被动语态用在句中不符合语法,如果是without,even noticing it,就是正确的了。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 动词词义辨析
[解析] 横线所在的这一段主要在讨论名字对于人的潜在影响。A disproportionate number of girls named Georgia live in the American state that ______ their name. 有多得不成比例的女孩子“住在佐治娅州”。本题很难直接通过上下文猜测出词义,只有通过分别将四个选项填入空格处的办法来判断正确答案。allow表示“同意”,如果填该词,那么整句话的意思将变成“多得不成比例的女孩住在佐治亚州,因为这个州允许女孩子使用她们的名字”,句义无逻辑性。share表示“分享,共有”。填在句中,整句话的意思是“有多得不成比例的叫乔治娅女孩子住在佐治亚州”。这句话逻辑上通顺,而且也符合这一段的主旨,为正确答案。grant“同意”,和allow一样,句义上讲不通。identity“识别,鉴别”(identify sth.)或者“认同”(identify with sth.),无论是从语法还是句义上,填identify一词都无法成立。因此,本题的正确答案是B。
【答案解析】[考点] 上下文语义+词义辨析
[解析] 本段讨论名字对人潜在的影响。George这个名字因为和geology比较相似,因此叫做George的男孩子有可能对地理产生偏爱。A.indication“显示,指示”;B.inclination“倾向”,have an inclination for sth. 表示“某人有做某事的倾向”。C.information“信息”;D.intelligence“智力”。符合句义的是B。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[考点] 根据上下文判断词义
[解析] Academics with surnames in the ______ half of alphabet are more likely to get good university jobs (the authors of papers are listed alphabetically)横线所在处括号里面的内容强调了“论文的作者名字都是按照字母顺序排列的”,因此,名字排在前面的人自然更容易获得好的大学工作。根据对这层含义的理解,横线处应该填的是upper一词,in the upper half of alphabet表示在“字母表前半部分”,相反的短语是in the lower/latter half of alphabet。而A.former表示“以前的”,例如,the former world champion前世界冠军。
【答案解析】[考点] 上下文语义+短语语义辨析
[解析] 横线处所在的段落的主旨大意是“如果人们对自己的名字不满,可以换名字”。在英国,2011年,一家叫做Deed Poll Service的公司已经帮助60000个人更改了姓名。而美国也出现了类似的趋势。他们中的有些人改名是为了摆脱父母对他们的期望。四个选项中A.live up to (one"s expectation)表示“不辜负(某人的期望)”;B.break away from (one"s expectation)表示“摆脱(某人的期望)”;C.fall short of (one"s expectation)表示“辜负(某人的期望)”;D.go contrary to (one"s expectation)表示“与(某人的期望)背道而驰”。正确答案应该是B。