Passage Three
Students of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as “solitary” and“individual theorists”were in reality connected to a movement—utopian socialism一which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first womens rights conference held at Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.
The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the groups contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents, energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-SimonianLsm. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians, appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.
Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality, based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.
According to the passage， which of the following is true of the Seneca Falls conference on women's rights?
由第一段后半段“ ...utopian socialism_ which was already popularizing feminist ideas...that culminated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls”当时空想社会主义普及的女性主义观点，在 1848年的塞尼卡福尔斯会议上达到顶峰。可见该会议是女性主义和社会改良理论的一次巅峰和宣言。
The author's attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simonians is primarily one of________.
由第二段第二句开始 “By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy... ignoring its feminism, European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonian ism.. .European historians’ appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.”当圣西门主义的后继者们将全部精力投入到当时已占主流的女性主义观点……欧洲史学家们却无视其女性主义观点，不仅误解了圣西门主义……且在后来对法国和美国的女性主义研究也因此受到局限。 ”可知作者对欧洲史学家们对1832年后圣西门主义的核心观点女性主义的视而不见表示不满。
The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of the Saint-Simonians EXCEPT ________.
由第二段最后—句“ ...while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women”圣西门主义者并不否认男人和女人存在天生的差异。和最后一段第一句“Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality...This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education.”只有少部分圣西门主义者对性别平等的定义有异议……他们相信两性生来在能力和个性均相同，是后天教育导致了性别分化。故代表圣西门主义的多数派并不认为男女天生一样。
It can be inferred that the Saint-Simonians envisioned a utopian society having which of the following characteristics?
由第二段“The new world order would be ruled together by a male， to represent reflection, and a female...foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia.”新世界的秩序将 由男女共治……一个男女政治社会地位平等分配的乌托邦。及文中多次提到的美国、法国和欧洲的学者们，可知这个理想是国际范围的。
Which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society, envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?
由第二段 “The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female...foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their utopia. ”新世界的秩序将由男女共……一个男女政治社会地位平等分配的乌托邦。可知选C。