单选题 Although the American civilization took over and replaced the frontier over a century ago, the heritage of the frontier is still evident in the United States today. Many people are still fascinated by the frontier because it has been particularly important in shaping American values. For many years, the frontier experience was romanticized in popular movies and television shows that featured cowboy heroes fighting Indian villains. Little attention was given to the tragic story of what really happened to Native Americans. Today, most Americans are more aware of the darker side of the settling of the continent, when thousands of Native American Indians were killed, their lands were taken, and much of their culture was destroyed.
The American frontier consists of the relatively unsettled regions of the United States, usually found in the western part of the country. Here, both land and life we're more rugged and primitive than in the more settled eastern part. As one frontier area was settled, people began moving farther west into the next unsettled area, sweeping aside the Native Americans as they went. By settling one frontier area after another, Americans moved across an entire continent, 2700 miles wide. They came to believe that it was their destiny to control all the land, and eventually they did. The Native Americans were given small portions of land called reservations to control, but the United States government broke many promises and created much misery for the Indian nations.
Recently, Americans have come to a more balanced view of the settling of the West. However, many Americans still see many aspects of the frontier, its people and their beliefs, as good, inspiring examples of traditional American values in their original and purest form. How did the frontier movement, which lasted more than two centuries, help to shape these basic American values?
To be sure, the frontier provided many inspiring examples of hard work as forests were turned into towns, and towns into large cities. The competitive race for success was rarely more colorful or adventurous than on the western frontier. Individualism, self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage of America. Throughout their history, Americans have tended to view the frontier settler as the model of the free individual. In the United States, where freedom from outside social controls has traditionally been valued, the frontier has been idealized, and it still serves as a basis for a nostalgic view of the early United States, a simpler time that was lost when the country became urbanized and more complex.

单选题 One reason why many Americans are still fascinated by the frontier is that ______.

• A. the frontier area is more civilized and developed than other parts of the country
• B. the frontier experience is greatly romanticized in today's popular movies and TV shows
• C. the frontier period represents a time when the traditional basic Americans values were expressed in their purest form
• D. the lifestyle of the Native American Indians who live in the frontier area is still mysterious and appealing

单选题 Which of the following statements is true?
A. The settling of the frontier did little to affect the lives of the Native American Indians.
B. Native American Indians were featured as heroes in many popular movies and TV shows.
C. The culture of Native American Indians was protected as the settlers moved farther to settle one frontier area afwer anoth??. &n?sp?镂?b?p;D. In the history more attention was paid to the heroic settling of the West than to the miseries it caused to Native American Indians.

单选题 By saying "Recently, Americans have come to a more balanced view of the settling of the West. " (Para. 3) the author means ______.

• A. Americans have recognized both the significance and the darker side of the settling of the West
• B. Americans have realized the settling of the West provided both good and bad examples of traditional American values
• C. Americans have realized that some of the traditional basic values should be reconsidered
• D. Americans are more aware that the shaping of American values was influenced by both the frontier experience and many other factors

单选题 In American movies, cowboys are usually characterized as ______.

• A. creating much misery for the Indian Natives
• B. heroes fighting against the settlers of the frontier
• C. free individuals who were adventurous and self-reliant
• D. villains who were tough but courageous

单选题 The main idea of the passage is ______.

• A. the miserable life of Native American Indians
• B. the loss of the frontier, a simpler time
• C. the impact of the frontier on American values
• D. the dark side of the settling of the frontier