单选题
Problems of Anxiety

Training as mental-health professionals is supposed to be "color blind". That sounds fine but in practice it means that people from black and ethnic groups get an unfair treatment because their particular problems are seldom acknowledged.
So a project was piloted involving Bangladeshi women in inner-city London, most of whom migrated to the U.K. in the 1960s and 1970s from a rural background. Many of these women turned to their doctors with common symptoms of anxiety, such as headaches, sleeping difficulties, loss of appetite and lack of energy. They were usually prescribed tranquillizers or even Vitamin C. Since the underlying causes remained, the women visited their doctors with increasing frequency and some were referred on to mental-health professionals.
The psychologists wanted to see how normal Western approaches to anxiety problems might work when applied across cultures. However, they found that many things in the standard approach had to be changed. They had to translate many of the usual examples they would normally compare learning to relax with learning to drive, for instance, which would not have been culturally appropriate. At first they asked the women to rate, on a scale one to ten, the effect of relaxation on their level of anxiety. They found numbers an odd way of expressing how they were feeling. So psychologists shifted their focus to words and talked of five stages form "very good" to "very bad".
As it was a pilot project, there were shortcomings. Psychologists looked for too little back-up and did not collect as much objective data as they might have done with a white group. They fell into the white stereotype of assuming that Bangladeshi women would find the use of various checklists and written records foreign. Perhaps racism has conditioned the professionals to a greater extent than they expected. Psychologists found that using a Western model across cultures has potential. But it needs political, financial and personal commitment.

单选题 What is meant in Par
【正确答案】
【答案解析】本题是推理题。文中第二句说color blind听起来是不错的,但实际中有色人群受到的是不公正的待遇。由此可判断出color blind本来旨在公正地对待有色人群,即要忽略肤色的差异,对有色人群一视同仁。color blind本意是“忽视颜色”,此文中比喻要同等对待不同肤色的人。A、B选项走了两个极端,既不符合该词本意,也不符合文中意思;C选项“不能区分一些颜色”是color blind的字面意思——色盲,但题目问的是在文中的意思。
单选题 The Bangladeshi women continued to visit their doctors because ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题是细节题。文中第二段最后一句,“因为潜在的原因没有消除,所以这些孟加拉妇女更频繁地看医生。”B说是因为她们的问题仍然存在,是原文的同义转述。A选项“她们感到孤独、孤立无援”,很有可能是其原因之一,但无法在原文找到依据。医生给他们开的是镇静剂等常规药,不是C选项所说的毒品。由第二段最后一句可判断D选项“被推荐去看心理健康专家”是事情的结果,而不是原因。
单选题 The standard approach to treating anxiety had to be changed because ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题是细节题。从第三段第二、三句可知,心理学家发现他们不得不对标准方法进行调整,因为一些在英国常用的例子对孟加拉妇女来说在文化上不合适,即文化背景差异造成了应用困难。B选项中的“种族主义者的攻击和语言困难”在文中未提及。这些调整是心理学家自己发现必须做的,不是孟加拉妇女的要求,C选项不符合原文。D选项“她们无法放松”是这些妇女的病症,与题干无关。
单选题 What has led to the failure of the mental-health professionals' collecting sufficient data?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题是推理题。对试验不足的总结是文中最后一段的内容。该段第三句指出,没有收集到充分客观数据的原因是白人心理学家陷入了对有色人群的成见,而这种成见是因为他们潜意识中受了种族主义的影响造成的。A选项是第三、四句内容的改写。原文最后一段说试验的缺点时,没有提到B选项所说的语言困难。也没有说到心理学家想保护这些妇女不受种族主义的困扰,事实上他们自己都不自觉地受到了影响,所以C选项不符。文中也没有说问题是由于这些妇女不配合造成的,故D选项不符。
单选题 Which of the following statement can best summarize the main idea of the passage?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题是主旨题。首段第二句揭示了文中的主要话题,即黑人和其他种族群体实际生活中受到不公正待遇,因为没有获得足够的重视。在第二段开始谈到他们将这种不公正待遇缩小到mental problems(心理疾病)范围,所以文中主旨可概括为C选项“其他种族的心理问题没有得到应有的关注”。A选项是事实,但不是本文讨论的中心问题,孟加拉妇女的问题只是有色人群不公正待遇的一个实例。最后一段说用西方的模式治疗其他文化背景的人的问题是有潜力的,但还需要各种努力,B选项说已经被证明是不成功的,与之矛盾。D选项本身也没错,但它只是一个细节内容,不能概括文中的中心。