Read the following passage and answer questions 19~25.
For questions 19-25, choose the correct answer A, B, C and D.
Mark your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Training must have purpose, which is defined a firm analyses of it's training needs. A review of manpower planning should include a training analysis, which looks carefully at the training at the point of view of the company, its various department and personnel. This may show the weaknesses existing in some departments and that, as a result, training is needed for their staff. Training needs are based on an analysis of the job description and job specification.
A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a specific job, and job specifications should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected by an employee who works in it. When all of these have been collected, it is possible to begin the training. This specifies what the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.
There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages to all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills take place "off the job" in the classroom; but in training in using these skills take place "on the job" by means of such activities as job rotation and planned experience.
It is always difficult to evaluate the cost and savings of a training program. The success of such program depends not only on the methods but also on the quality of the staff that do the training. A company can often check on saving in time and cost by examine the manual work performed by operators and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management and a supervisory training is much more complex than that. In order to test the result of management and supervisory training, many companies have looked at such things as the number of management and supervisory staff who leave their employment and the number who stay away from the work for the reason of health.
单选题 According to the passage, an analysis of training needs is based on ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本题是信息明示题。本题涉及了第1段最后一句及第2段的第1句。关键词有“performance，behavior，knowledge，skills”。A、B两项均不够完整，C项与本题无关，只有D项意思完整且与原意相符。
单选题 From the passage, we learn that "training in using them" take place ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题是细节题。相关语句为：“training in using those skills take place‘on the job’”，题干中的“them”就是指代的“those skills”。
单选题 According to the passage, if a company wants to achieve a successful staff training, they have to ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题是细节题。相关信息在第3段第2句。A项：“有一定的目的，是员工接受培训的原因，不是培训成功的因素”与C、D项均与题干不相干。
单选题 The main idea of the third paragraph is ______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】本题是主旨题。主要考查对文章第3段的理解。但此段第1句容易误导，似乎是要谈培训的方法，但从整段来看应该是如何成功地进行对员工的培训。
单选题 If a company wants to evaluate the costs of a training program, the two things it has to know are ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题是理解题。考查对文章最后一段第2句的理解。此句中“such a program”复指前一句提到的“evaluate the cost and savings of a training program”，可见答案为A。
单选题 If a company wants to make it possible to make a training specification, it should ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】本题是理解题。文章第2段第2句中“all of this”指代此段第1句，关于“job description”和“job specifications”的阐述。
单选题 The best title of this passage is ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】本题是主旨题。通过全文对员工培训的目的、方式、花费等阐述，可看出A最为恰当，因为此项范围广。其他选项都是对文章的某一个层面进行阐述。