问答题  It is, at any rate, in some such fashion as this that we seek to define the quality which distinguishes the work of several young writers, among whom Mr. James Joyce is the most notable, from that of their predecessors. They attempt to come closer to life, and to preserve more sincerely and exactly what interests and moves them, even if to do so they must discard most of the conventions which are commonly observed by the novelist. Let us record the atoms as they fall upon the mind in the order in which they fall, let us trace the pattern, however disconnected and incoherent in appearance, which each sight or incident scores upon the consciousness. Let us not take it for granted that life exists more fully in what is commonly thought big than in what is commonly thought small. Anyone who has read The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man or.

What promises to be a far more interesting work, Ulysses, now appearing in the Little Review, will have hazarded some theory of this nature as to Mr. Joyce’s intention. On our part, with such a fragment before us, it is hazarded rather than affirmed; but whatever the intention of the whole, there can be no question but that it is of the utmost sincerity and that the result, difficult or unpleasant as we may judge it, is undeniably important. In contrast with those whom we have called materialists, Mr. Joyce is spiritual; he is concerned at all costs to reveal the flickering of that innermost flame which flashes its messages through the brain, and in order to preserve it he disregards with complete courage whatever seems to him adventitious, whether it be probability, or coherence, or any other of these signposts which for generations have served to support the Imagination of a reader when called upon to imagine what he can neither touch nor see. 

问答题 What do you know about the differences between James Joyce and his predecessors? 
【正确答案】The term is coined by William James in 1890 in his The Principles of Psychology (1890). The practice of this narrative technique has been practiced by many writers, such as Laurence Sterne’s Tristram Shandy (1757), Allan Poe’s “The Tell-Tale Heart” (1843), in which the psychological movement of the character is narrated in first persona, also known as interior monologue. James is the first one who writes a whole novel in stream of consciousness to show the psychological movement of one person in one day in a nonlinear way.
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问答题 What is your understanding of the underlined sentence? 
【正确答案】Stream of consciousness follows no time order, no fixed pattern, but the writer’s consciousness.
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问答题 Could you summarize the development of the art of novel writing from the beginning to JamesJoyce’s time?
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(1) A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, which is typically

published as a book.

The genre has been described as having “a continuous and comprehensive history of about two thousand years”, with its origins in classical Greece and Rome, in medieval and early modern romance, and in the tradition of the novella. The latter, an Italian word for a short story to distinguish it from a novel, has been used in English since the 18th century for a work that falls somewhere in between.

(2) In the early 19 th century, the romantic novels had run the stage. There were different types of romance such as gothic novels, historical romance and other classical fictions. When came to Victorian Age, novel had come to a full thrive, and the new genre, known as critical realism,revealing the corruptions and rotten reality under the romantic ideas. In the 20 th century, artists and writers started to find new techniques and made lots of experiment, probing the new possibility of literature.

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