单选题
Law: Law in America

Professor: While America ______, that is, from 1607 to 1776, those who were interested in ______ had to go to England and attend Inns of Court ______. These inns were far from schools, but were ______ the English law society and helped students ______. It was common for people who wanted to be lawyers to ______ with somebody already established in the legal world.
Once America became the United States of America, independent from the British, the rules and regulations for becoming a lawyer were ______ and the number of people who became lawyers ______. The most common way for somebody to ______ was by apprenticeship, but ______, law schools were established at various law offices ______. The first school was Litchfield School in Connecticut in 1784 and focused on commercial law. Colleges slowly ______, but it was not until 1817 that Harvard University established the first independent law school.
From 1850 to 1900, the number of law schools grew from 15 to 102. These schools did not require that students already ______ when entering and it was ______ for the program to be completed in one year. However, in the late 1800s, there were more and more 2-year programs.
The teaching of law ______ in 1870 at Harvard University. Students who did not already have an undergraduate degree ______. By 1871 the course was two years long and by 1876 it was three years long. At the end of the first year, there was a ______ that had to be passed if a student wanted to continue on to the next year of study.
The most dramatic change, which is still in practice today, is the way teaching was done. ______, students studied cases. From the cases that were studied, students were expected to understand the ______, what they meant and how they developed. Teaching followed the ______, so students would discover the foundation of the laws ______.
As the need for more lawyers grew by the late 1800s, the number of law schools that opened also grew. ______ to open a law school and as a result, several opened. There were even night schools for studying law, ______ as teachers. A problem with many of the schools that opened is that the standards were low and the material studied ______ what was customary in a specific region. The most important contribution of this is that studying law became available to everybody, not just ______. By the turn of the century, there was a dramatic increase in the number of people studying law. By 1960 schools ______ in who they permitted entrance. ______, law schools began to ______ students. The curriculum was changing too. ______, along with international law was being taught.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】was being colonized | pursuing a career in law | for their legal training | merely part of | familiarize themselves with English law | undertake a clerkship or apprenticeship | very lax | skyrocketed | enter the legal world | as time went on | which focused on training | added law as a part of their course offerings | hold an undergraduate degree | the norm | went through a radical change | had to take an entrance exam | comprehensive exam | Instead of listening to lectures | principles of law | ancient Greek style—Socratic questioning | represented by each case | Not a lot of money was needed | many of which had lawyers and judges | had an emphasis on | the rich of the upper class | had to start to be selective | To better represent the nation | look for female and minority | Civil rights and poverty issues [听力原文]
Law: Law in America

Professor: While America was being colonized, that is, from 1607 to 1776, those who were interested in pursuing a career in law had to go to England and attend Inns of Court for their legal training. These inns were far from schools, but were merely part of the English law society and helped students familiarize themselves with English law. It was common for people who wanted to be lawyers to undertake a clerkship or apprenticeship with somebody already established in the legal world.
Once America became the United States of America, independent from the British, the rules and regulations for becoming a lawyer were very lax and the number of people who became lawyers skyrocketed. The most common way for somebody to enter the legal world was by apprenticeship, but as time went on, law schools were established at various law offices which focused on training. The first school was Litchfield School in Connecticut in 1784 and focused on commercial law. Colleges slowly added law as a part of their course offerings, but it was not until 1817 that Harvard University established the first independent law school.
From 1850 to 1900, the number of law schools grew from 15 to 102. These schools did not require that students already hold an undergraduate degree when entering and it was the norm for the program to be completed in one year. However, in the late 1800s, there were more and more 2-year programs.
The teaching of law went through a radical change in 1870 at Harvard University. Students who did not already have an undergraduate degree had to take an entrance exam. By 1871 the course was two years long and by 1876 it was three years long. At the end of the first year, there was a comprehensive exam that had to be passed if a student wanted to continue on to the next year of study.
The most dramatic change, which is still in practice today, is the way teaching was done. Instead of listening to lectures, students studied cases. From the cases that were studied, students were expected to understand the principles of law, what they meant and how they developed. Teaching followed the ancient Greek style—Socratic questioning, so students would discover the foundation of the laws represented by each case.
As the need for more lawyers grew by the late 1800s, the number of law schools that opened also grew. Not a lot of money was needed to open a law school and as a result, several opened. There were even night schools for studying law, many of which had lawyers and judges as teachers. A problem with many of the schools that opened is that the standards were low and the material studied had an emphasis on what was customary in a specific region. The most important contribution of this is that studying law became available to everybody, not just the rich of the upper class.
By the turn of the century, there was a dramatic increase in the number of people studying law. By 1960 schools had to start to be selective in who they permitted entrance. To better represent the nation, law schools began to look for female and minority students. The curriculum was changing too. Civil rights and poverty issues, along with international law was being taught.