翻译题
Unknown to the vast majority of the population, a small group of British 70-year-old has shaped the health and well-being of everyone in Britain for their whole lives. They are not policymakers or professors, but a random nationwide sample linked only by the week of their birth in 1946. Recruited barely born, they have been followed by researchers and an army of data-gatherers asking about their lives and behaviors. These have yielded profound insights into the causes of health and illness in Britain from the cradle to the grave. Helen Pearson, a geneticist and journalist, has written "The Life Project", a fascinating book charting the 1946 group and four that followed. 【F1】They are a peculiarly British undertaking, and despite perhaps not being championed enough in the country, they are looked on with envy and admiration by the rest of the world. The five groups, begun in 1946, 1958, 1970, 1991 and 2000, total about 70,000 Britons. The 1946 group revealed that working-class women suffered high rates of stillbirth, due to lack of medical care during pregnancy; when the National Health Service was launched shortly after in 1948, those findings led to care relating to pregnancy being provided free. Findings from the 1958 group were the first to reveal the impact of smoking during pregnancy on the risk of stillbirth, which led to a change in advice to pregnant women. 【F2】Free adult-education courses launched in the early 2000s were offered as a result of studies revealing that around one in five adults in the early 1990s struggled with reading, and even more, around one in three, with basic mathematics. But the sad message that has emerged from the studies is that being born poor remains a huge source of risk to health and well-being. 【F3】While it is possible to triumph over adversity, the odds are stacked against some people from before they are even born. 【F4】For all the subjects' influence on public policy, this has hardly changed in the half-century since the first published study from the 1946 group. Despite this bad news, the book is often a delight. 【F5】It's hard to believe something as simple as observing a group of babies follow their path through the world can provide such a huge amount of knowledge about the human condition. "The Life Project" makes the case for why they should be a jewel in the crown of British science.
【答案解析】①本句是由两个简单句组成的并列句。②分句2中，介词短语despite…country为让步状语；主语they指的是研究对象里的五组人群。③分词短语中not being championed为被动结构，表示“被拥护／支持”；looked on with envy and admiration中，with结构表示伴随，即“人们看待这些人流露出羡慕和赞赏的目光”。
【答案解析】①本句为复合句，包含宾语从句。②主干部分为主谓结构，launched in the early 2000s为后置定语，修饰主语Free adult-education courses，说明这个课程推出的时间。③as a result of studies revealing that…是原因状语，表示课程的开设归因于一个研究结果。现在分词revealing that…作非谓语，与其逻辑主语studies构成主动关系，that引导宾语从句作revealing的宾语，说明研究结果的具体内容。
问答题8.【F3】
【正确答案】虽然有些困难可以克服，但一些人还没出生就被重重不利因素困住了。
【答案解析】①本句为主从复合句，包含一个让步状语从句。②主句为主谓宾结构；从句为主系表结构，it为形式主语，短语to triumph over adversity为真正主语。③让步状语从句中it is possible to do sth.表示“做某事是可能的”；triumph over adversity表示“战胜不幸，克服困境”。④before they are even born在从句中作时间状语，意为“在出生以前”。
【答案解析】①本句主干为主谓结构；主语this指代前句中描述的现象，即While．．．even born“虽然有些困难可以克服，但有些人还没出生就被重重不利因素困住了”这一现状。②介词短语For all the subjects’influence on public policy为让步状语，此处的for表示让步，相当于though subjects’influence on public policy表示subjects对public policy的影响，subjects指代对上述五个群体的研究；时间状语since…1946 group，说明这半个世纪的起算点为首次发表出生于1946年群体的研究成果之时。