单选题Questions 6-10 In
the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the
end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots
would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they're
nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations
for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the
most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object,
the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid. A growing
group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem,
the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most
abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them
with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand,
takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with
intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation
instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital
computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The
results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the
new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the
field. Imitating the brain's neural network is a huge step in
the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad,
but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to
treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors", he explains,
"but it's not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important
things going on inside the brain cells themselves. " Specifically, Conrad
believes that many of the brain's capabilities stem from the pattern recognition
proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best
way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it
around the same sort of molecular skills. Right now, the option
that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching
the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it
proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out
to be the only game in town.
单选题
The author says that the powerful computers of today ______.
A. are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B. are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C. are not very different in their performance from those of the 50's
D. still cannot communicate with people in a human language
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】
单选题
The new trend in artificial intelligence research stems from ______.
A. the shift of the focus of study on to the recognition of the shapes of
objects
B. the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical,
step-by-step programs
C. the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a
ten-month-old child
D. the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between
transistors and brain cells
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】
单选题
Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous
efforts to ______.
A. find a roundabout way to design powerful computers
B. build a computer using a clever network of switches
C. find out how intelligence developed in nature
D. separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】
单选题
What's the author's opinion about the new AI movement? ______
A. It has created a sensation among artificial intelligence researchers but
will soon die out.
B. It's a breakthrough in duplicating human thought processes.
C. It's more like a peculiar game rather than a real scientific
effort.
D. It may prove to be in the right direction though nobody is sure of its
future prospects.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】
单选题
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase "the only
game in town" (Line 3, Para. 4) ? ______
A. The only approach to building an artificially intelligent computer.
B. The only way for them to win a prize in artificial intelligence
research.
C. The only area worth studying in computer science.