【正确答案】idealism

【答案解析】[听力原文] Ah, now for today's lecture, we will explore some of the greatest American detective novels written by three of the best novelists of the twentieth century. Some of the greatest American detective novels written were created by three authors: Samuel Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, and Mickey Spillane. Each of these authors created at least one memorable detective character that has endeared readers for over fifty years. Characters like Sam Spade, Mike Hammer, and Philip Marlowe had many similar attributes, yet each character has at least one major characteristic which sets them apart from all others. All three of these detective characters were characterized as tough guys, which probably makes them so memorable. My personal favorite is, well, The Maltese Falcon, written by the American author Samuel Dashiell Hammett. His most famous character, of course, was Sam Spade, a man who saw the, um, wretched and corrupt side of life but still retained his, urn, tarnished idealism. Even though Spade was a tough guy, he was also a sentimentalist at heart, which makes him one of the most enduring detective characters ever created. Well, next, urn, we have American author Raymond Chandler, who based his main character, detective Philip Marlowe, initially on Hammett's Sam Spade. Marlowe first appeared in the novel The Big Sleep, published in, let's see, ah yes, 1939. Underneath the wisecracking tough guy public image, Marlowe was quietly philosophical and enjoyed chess and poetry. While he was not afraid to risk physical harm, he, hmm, never became violent merely to settle scores. Chandler's treatment of the detective novel, um, exhibited a continuing effort to develop the art form. His first full-length book, The Big Sleep, was published when Chandler was, um, 51 years old while his last, Playback, when he was 70. Incidentally, all seven of his novels were produced in the last two decades of his life. I can say that all of these novels maintain the integrity of Philip Marlowe's character, but each novel has unique qualities of narrative tone, depth, and focus that set it apart from the others. Finally, and I just love reading this guy's work. Author Mickey Spillane who created the fictional detective Mike Hammer in the book, I, the Jury. Hammer is in many ways the prototypical 'tough guy detective' since he is brutally violent, and fueled by a, um, genuine rage that never afflicts Chandler or Hammett's heroes. While other detective heroes kind of bend the law, Hammer holds it in total contempt, seeing it as nothing more than a means to an end. And, well, this is contrary to Chandler's and Hammett's characters.

【正确答案】sentimentalist

【正确答案】1939

【正确答案】philosophical

【正确答案】physical harm

【正确答案】last two decades

【正确答案】narrative tone

【正确答案】tough guy

【正确答案】genuine rage

【正确答案】total contempt