阅读理解 Passage Two Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. A recurring criticism of the UK's university sector is its perceived weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services. Recently,the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured. We should take this concern seriously as universities are key in the national innovation system. However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity. When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions of the past decade have helped transform the performance of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But National data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders. This type of uneven distribution is not peculiar to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities receive 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and licence income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialisation work creates differences between universities. The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts. These universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise in order to build greater confidence in the sector. Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialisation spilling out of our universities. There are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialisation work. If there was a greater coordination of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools,universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.

单选题 What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialisation ?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】根据题干关键commercialisation定位到原文第三段最后一句：The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia，Canada，USA and UK shows that，from a relatively weak starting position，the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialisation activity．即：最近的一组数据对澳大利亚、加拿大、美国和英国的大学和研究所的表现进行了对比，数据显示．虽然英国起点相对较低，但其目前在许多商品化活动的指标上都处于领先地位。也就是说英国的大学及研究所在商业化的世界领导者中占有一席之地，D)项是对原文内容的同义转述。 [避错指导] 文章第一段提到英国的大学在将知识转化成产品和服务的能力方面不断遭受着批评。第二段提到英国国家干细胞网络发出了警告：如果没有资金和立法支持的话，英同将在干细胞研究方而失去领军地位。A)项“它们在很多方面丧失了引领地位”，是对这两段的错误理解。B)项“它们未能把知识转化为金钱”及C)项…它们不把它当做自己的责任”文中均没有提到。

单选题 What does the author say about the national data on UK universities' performance in commercialisation?

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】根据题干关键词national data定位到原文第叫段第三句：But National data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities．即：但是全国的数据掩盖了各个大学之间表现出的巨大差异。B)项中的does not reflect是原文中masks的同义转述．differences应原文中的variation。 [避错指导] A)项“它没有以科学的方式给英国大学排名”，C)项“它暗示了大学刘政府资源的无效利用”．D)项“它掩盖了政府政策的致命弱点”文中均未提及。

单选题 We can infer from Paragraph 5 that "policy interventions" (Line 1, Para. 4)refers to______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】根据题干提示定位到原文第四段第一句及第五段。第四段第一句：When viewed at the national level．the policy interventions of the past decade...从全国水平来看，过去十年的政策介人对英国大学的表现的转变有所帮助。第五段：这种偏态分布不仅仅是英国独有的，在其他经济体也存在这样的问题。在英国，研究是高度集中的：不到25%的大学却拥有75%的研究资金。而这些火学也同时是培养士体最多,产生的科学著作、专利和授权收入最多的机构。可以知道This type of uneven distribution即对应第叫段笫一句的policy intcrventions．可见，资源集中在有限的大学中，综合归纳可知A)项是正确答案。 [避错指导] B)项政府对非研究为导向的人学的支持及C)项“大学与产业之间必不可少的合作”文中均没有提及；D)项“对大学及研究所资金的公平分配”与原文要表达的意思相反。

单选题 What does the author suggest research-led universities do?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】根据题干关键词research-led universities定位到原文第六段第一句：The core obiective for universities which are research-led must be to maximise the impact of their research efforts．研究型大学的核心目标就是将研究成果的利益最大化。接下来第二旬提到这些大学应该产生出最广泛的社会、经济及环境效益。也就是充分利用其研究以造福社会各方面。D)项是对原文内容的正确概括。 [避错指导] A)项“在顶级研究所中扩大其影响”、B)项“慷慨地与那些缺少资金的大学分享其设施”以及C)项“公布他们的研究从而赢得国际认可”文中均未提及。

单选题 How can the university sector play a key role in the UK's economic growth?

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】 根据题干关键词universities，play a key role，UK，growth定位到原文最后一段：如果地区内的技术转移办公室间有更多的合作，而且我们的研究院在规模和功能方面有同步的投资，大学将可能，而且应该在将英国推向下一个增长周期中发挥关键作用。即技术转移和研究院教育水平很重要，A)项为正确答案。 [避错指导] 文中提到了“如果地区间技术转移办公室能更好地合作…”，而不是B)项“通过建立更多的地区技术转移办公室”；C)项“通过提高技术转化机构的效率”过于片面；D)项“通过要求政府在技术转移研究中投资”文中未提及。