技术与天才哪个对科学发展更重要 ——1994年英译汉及详解 According to the new school of scientists, technology is an overlooked force in expanding the horizons of scientific knowledge.【F1】 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 【F2】 "In short," a leader of the new school contends, "the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions." 【F3】 Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. The modern school that hails technology argues that such masters as Galileo, Newton, Maxwell, Einstein, and inventors such as Edison attached great importance to, and derived great benefit from, craft information and technological devices of different kinds that were usable in scientific experiments. The centerpiece of the argument of a technology-yes, genius-no advocate was an analysis of Galileo"s role at the start of the scientific revolution. The wisdom of the day was derived from Ptolemy, an astronomer of the second century, whose elaborate system of the sky put Earth at the center of all heavenly motions.【F4】 Galileo" s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth. But the real hero of the story, according to the new school of scientists, was the long evolution in the improvement of machinery for making eyeglasses. Federal policy is necessarily involved in the technology vs. genius dispute.【F5】 Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

问答题【F1】

【正确答案】正确答案：他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西。

【答案解析】解析：本句考查的重点是：状语从句和插入语。句子主干结构是：not so much through…as because of…意为“与其…倒不如…”。因为not somuch…as是个并列结构，也就是说so和as后面两个词的意思应该相同，所以介词through的意思应该等于because of“因为，由于”。the insights of great men of genius是后面带定语的名词短语结构，后置定语的顺序应该在汉语翻译中倒过来，即从后往前翻译为“天才伟人的真知灼见”。more ordinarythings like improved techniques and tools结构是介词like短语作定语修饰中心词more ordinary things．也是先翻译定语，再翻译中心词“像改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西”。

问答题【F2】

【正确答案】正确答案：新学派的一位领袖认为：“简而言之，所谓的科学革命主要是指一系列工具的改进、发明和使用，它们使科学发展的范围无限扩大。”

【答案解析】解析：本句考查的重点是：并列结构和定语从句。句子主干结构是：①系表结构：the scientific revolution…was largely…。②that引导的定语从句，先行词是the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments。the improvement and inventionand use of a series of instruments译为“一系列器具的改进、发明和使用”；expanded the reach of sciencein innumerable directions译为“在难以计数的方向扩大了科学的范围”。

问答题【F3】

【正确答案】正确答案：多年来，工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

【答案解析】解析：本句考查的重点是：被动语态和反身代词。句子主干结构是一个简单的被动语态句: tools and technology…have largely been ignored by…主语部分有一个themselves反身代词。as a source of fundamental innovation介词短语作定语。Over theyears“多年来”：philosophers of science“科学思想家们”。

问答题【F4】

【正确答案】正确答案：伽利略最伟大的成就在于他在1609年成为第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，用以证明行星是绕着太阳而不是地球旋转。

【答案解析】解析：本句考查的重点是：宾语从句和动词不定式短语作定语的用法。句子主干结构是：①系表结构Galileo’s greatest glory was that…。②不定式短语作定语结构the firstperson to turn…。③动词+宾语从句作目的状语to prove that…。turn the newly invented telescope on theheavens译为“把新发明的望远镜对准天空”。

问答题【F5】

【正确答案】正确答案：政府究竟是应该通过减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于哪一方被视为驱动力。

【答案解析】解析：本句考查的重点是：主语从句和并列结构。句子主干结构是：①表示选择意思的从句Whether the Government…or…“究竟是…还是…”作句子的主语，谓语和宾语是depends on the issue。②of which是宾语the issue的定语从句。increase thefinancing of pure science译为“增加对纯理论科学的经费投入”；at the expense of technology译为“减少对技术经费的投入”。