单选题 Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression - related thoughts and emotions and could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday by a U. S. psychology association found. The Washington D.C. -based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
The violent songs increased feelings of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said.
The group said the study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people.
The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing to use more descriptive parental advisory labels that specify whether the music contains sex, violence or strong language.
But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD labels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIAA is the trade group for the world's five big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc. , EMI Group Plc., Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universal's Universal Music and Sony Corp..
Results of the APA's experiments showed that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words and increased the relative speed with which people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words. "Such aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges," said researcher Craig Anderson, in a statement.
While researchers said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said it was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time.

单选题 According to the study by APA, intensified aggression had nothing to do with ______.

A、 actual performers of music
B、 a more hostile environment
C、 feelings of hostility
D、 violent humors of the songs

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 这是一道细节题。根据第二段可知，侵犯性的增强与具体的艺术家无关，故答案为A。

单选题 The word "catharsis" in Par

A、 3 most probably means ______.A. an unpopular notionB. the removal of strong feelingsC. an increase of aggressive emotionsD. the overreaction to violent lyrics

【正确答案】

【答案解析】[解析] 这是一道词义题。仔细阅读第三段可以推断，大众认为，暴力歌曲不会加重侵犯性，反而能起到积极的输导宣泄作用。答案为B。

单选题 Which of the' following statements is true?

A、 The researchers' work was unpopular because of its biased conclusions.
B、 The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs.
C、 The current CD labels failed to specify whether the music is appropriate for youth.
D、 The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 这是一道是非判断题。根据第四段可知，B为正确答案。A中unpopular(不为大众所欢迎)，不符文意，文章只说音乐界不赞同；C只是科研小组的说法，未必是事实，何况音乐界看法相反。D文中未提。

单选题 Craig Anderson would probably agree that ______.

A、 the relation between violent music and aggressive thoughts was ambiguous
B、 more experiments were needed to justify the results achieved so far
C、 antisocial exchanges could be ultimately attributed to violent songs
D、 nonbiased interpretations might cause more aggressive social responses

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 这是一道推论题。将第六段的语义反向推演，便可知C为正确答案。

单选题 It can be concluded from the passage that ______.

A、 some musical styles would lead to a short period of increased social hostility
B、 researchers were divided about the fundamental causes of aggressive emotions
C、 parents needn't worry a lot about their kids' occasional exposure to violent songs
D、 music industry would have to be more alert to violent words in its music

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 这是一道推论题。既然文章主要介绍研究人员及家长对音乐中的暴力内容担心，那么“音乐行业必须得对音乐中的暴力内容更为警觉”，答案为D。C项显然不是从这篇文章内容所能推导出来的结论。