Intelligence does not exist in one single form (Gardner, 1983). It is not static either. People’s intelligences can exist in many different forms and can develop and be developed over a life time.
Describe at least 6 intelligences according to Gardner.
The following are the seven intelligences Gardner has proposed:
(1) Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence: the ability to use words effectively, both orally and in writing. Sample skills are remembering information, convincing others to help, and talking about language itself.
(2) Musical Intelligence: sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, and melody. Sample skills are recognizing simple songs and being able to vary speed, tempo, and rhythm in simple melodies.
(3) Logical/Mathematical Intelligence: the ability to use numbers effectively and reason well. Sample skills are understanding the basic properties of numbers, the principles of cause and effect, and the ability to predict.
(4) Spatial/Visual Intelligence: sensitivity to form, space, color, line, and shape. Sample skills include the ability to represent visual or spatial ideas graphically.
(5) Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence: the ability to use the body to express ideas and feelings, and to solve problems. Sample skills are coordination, flexibility, speed, and balance.
(6) Interpersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand another person’s mood, feelings, motivations, and intentions. Sample skills are responding effectively to other people, problem solving, and resolving conflict.
(7) Intrapersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand yourself, your strengths, weaknesses, moods, desires, and intentions. Sample skills are understanding how one is similar to or different from others, reminding oneself to do something, knowing about oneself as a language learner, and knowing how to handle one’s feelings.