问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Nowadays, the Americans frequently read newspaper articles about violent crimes, see rages of inhumanity on the evening news, and hear sound bites on the radio describing cruelty and intolerance. (46) {{U}}We worry, particularly, about the effects on our children of our own society, a society that is less safe and less hospitable than the one we experienced as children growing up during the 1950's and 1960's.{{/U}}
(47) {{U}}In many school districts throughout America, there is already compelling evidence that adolescents have been affected negatively by changing social conditions, including by what many American believe to be a decline of basic human values.{{/U}} Parents and teachers must contend often with adolescent aggression, profanity, and disrespect. Some students display antagonistic attitudes and behave inappropriately. Some students are insensitive and unkind to their classmates, discourteous to adults, and quick to express their anger by raising their voices or using profanity.
It is the responsibility of parents to teach their children to be polite, courteous, and forbearing. (48) {{U}}It is one of parents' most fundamental responsibilities to impart to their children the values of integrity, decency, and respect for others; teachers and school administrators should never become, however, ethical bystanders.{{/U}} If we wish to realize our educational philosophy not only to educate our students but also to encourage them to accept the innate worth of every human being, we must not surrender the ideal of maintaining a moral community at our school, where all people have an obligation to be polite and tolerant of individual differences.
(49) {{U}}Some individuals believe that school personnel should not interfere with the behavior of students unless it is directly related to learning or affects the safety of individuals who are inside the school building or somewhere on campus.{{/U}} But good teachers and administrators do teach values--not personal, private values but common values of courtesy, mutual respect, persistence, responsibility, and self-reliance.
(50) {{U}}Ideally, educators affirming socially-responsible values taught at home by parents and demanding appropriate vocabulary and good manners from their students should have been valued as competent and successful educators.{{/U}} They should remind the students of saying" please" and" thank you" and remind them of not interrupting when others are speaking. It is very much the responsibility of teachers and administrators to promote our school's traditions of proper behavior and good sportsmanship. Therefore, school educators should be judged by the moral and ethical climate of their school. All the academic improvements of the school notwithstanding, no teachers should be considered successful educators unless their students graduated not only as successful learners but also as ladies and gentlemen.
问答题
【正确答案】
【答案解析】我们特别担心我们的社会问题对孩子们所产生的影响;与我们儿时的五、六十年代相比,如今的社会缺乏安全感,也显得更冷漠。 [要点分析] 此题目的难点是our own society的翻译。如果将our own society直接翻译成“我们的社会”,effect一词翻译为“影响”,则不能体现动词worry的具体含义。从前一个句子分析,our own society实际是指前面提到的社会问题,如暴力犯罪(violent crimes)、非人道灾难(rages of inhumanity)、残忍和偏狭的行径(cruelty and intolerance)等。因此,根据上文,我们可以把our own society翻译为具体的“社会问题”,以和动词worry相配合,突显出effects的具体负面倾向。考查点:注意根据上下文的语义补充具体信息。
问答题
【正确答案】
【答案解析】在美国的许多学区里,已有确凿的证据表明:变化着的社会环境,包括许多美国人认为的人的基本价值观的退化,都对青少年产生了负面影响。 [要点分析] 此句是一个被动句,并且包含一个较长的定语从句that…human values。由于介词宾语changing social conditions,including…太长,不宜翻译成“青少年受到……,包括……的负面影响”。因此,应该翻译成主动句,把原文的介词宾语翻译成主语,同时,将动词affect翻译成名词“影响”,这样,句子就符合汉语中以主动句为主的特点。考查点:英语被动句的翻译。
问答题
【正确答案】
【答案解析】父母们最重要的责任之一是向子女传授正直、正派、尊重他人的价值观。但是,教师和学校管理者们也决不能沦为道德教育的旁观者。 [要点分析] 本题目有两处难点:一是句子包括一个形式主语,其后的不定式是真正的主语。因此在翻译时,要注意分析真正的主语是什么。二是名词短语ethical bystanders的理解与翻译。从字面意思看,该短浯可以翻译为“道德的旁观者”。但是这样的名词短语不易理解,汉语中也没有这样的表达法。从语义分析,这里的ethical是指前一句子中的各种道德教育,因此,这个句子的翻译中,有必要明确这个所指,即道德教育。因此,可以翻译“道德教育的旁观者”更符合原英语句子的语义。考查点:形式主语的翻译;根据上下文补充具体的语义。
问答题
【正确答案】
【答案解析】有些人认为,学校工作人员不应该干涉学生的个人行为,除非这些行为直接关系到学习或者影响到教学场所内或校园内的个人安全。 [要点分析] 此题目的难点是代词it的理解和翻译。从语法分析,it指代前面的behavior of students。但是,在翻译时,it不宜翻译为“它”,而应该根据前面的语义,适当重复,用“这些行为”指代前面的“个人行为”。考查点:代词的翻译。
问答题
【正确答案】
【答案解析】理想的做法是,教育工作者们强化家庭所教授的对社会负责的价值观,并且要求学生在学校里的言行礼貌得体;这些教育工作者们本应该被认为是有能力的成功的教育者。 [要点分析] 本题目的难点在主语成分较长,主语educators被两个伴随状语修饰,而且句子是虚拟语气。由于两个伴随状语太长,不可能把它们翻译为主语“教育丁作者们”的前置定语成分,因此,把整个原句的主语部分翻译为独立的句子,然后用另外一个独立的句子“这些教育工作者们本应该被认为是有能力的成功的教育者”来包括原句的主要成分来表达原句的虚拟语气。另外,要注意这里vocabulary并不指词汇,而是指词汇引申义:说话用语。因此,appropriate vocabulary可以翻译为得体的言语。这样,appropriate vocabulary 和 good manners结合起来,就可以翻译为“言行礼貌得体”了。考查点:长主语的翻译;虚拟语气的翻译;词的引申义的理解和翻译。