单选题 {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following passage. For each
numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choices the best one
and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
The invention of both labor-saving
tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the
product of human need; {{U}}(21) {{/U}} is truly the mother of
invention. People usually devise tools to{{U}} (22) {{/U}} for natural
deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend {{U}}(23)
{{/U}} from physically superior {{U}}(24) {{/U}}. But {{U}}(25)
{{/U}} is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent
{{U}}(26) {{/U}} tools to {{U}}(27) {{/U}} certain established
tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from
the {{U}}(28) {{/U}}spear or javelin in order to shoot {{U}}(29)
{{/U}} and strike with greater strength. {{U}} (30)
{{/U}} civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded,
and {{U}}(31) {{/U}} tools became more {{U}}(32) {{/U}}. A tool
would {{U}}(33) {{/U}}a function until it proved {{U}}(34)
{{/U}} in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made.
One impetus for invention has always been the {{U}}(35) {{/U}} for speed
and high-quality results--provided they are achieved {{U}}(36) {{/U}}
reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities
of possessions, {{U}}(37) {{/U}} they were not efficient enough for
performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically
evolved into the abacus. The {{U}}(38) {{/U}} of this tool can be
{{U}}(39) {{/U}} to the development of commerce in the East around 3000
B.C., and the abacus is known {{U}}(40) {{/U}} by the ancient
Babylonians, Egyptians, Chinese, etc.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。imagination意为“想象,想象力”;creativity意为“创造力,创造”necessity意为“需要,必要性”;illusion意为“幻想,幻觉”。根据前面的it is usually the product of human need可知,应该选C。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题测试搭配。所填之词应该与后面的for搭配。substitute意为“替代,替换”,一般构成substitute A for B结构;compensate意为“补偿,抵补”,一般构成compensate for结构,意思是“补偿”;account意为“说明,认为”,一般构成 account for结构,意思是“解释,说明”;qualify意为“使……合格,使……具有资格”,一般与for搭配。所填之词的宾语是natural deficiencies(自然的匮乏),根据前面的People usually devise tools可知,应该选B。
【答案解析】本题测试逻辑搭配。entertainment意为“娱乐,娱乐表演”;luxury意为“奢侈,豪华”;survival意为“生存,幸存”;adaptation意为“适应,改编”。前面的句子说necessity is truly the mother of invention,前一句话说“人类发明武器是为了抵御在体能上比自己强的动物”,而抵御动物的目的就是为了生存,所以应该选C。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。ordinary意为“平常的,普通的”,指通常遇见的;common意为“公有的,普通的”,指被最广泛地知道的:particular意为“特殊的,独特的”,指与同一范畴或种类的其他部分区分出来的;valuable意为“贵重的,有价值的”,指具有可观的货币或物质价值的。所填之词修饰tools,根据后面的certain established tasks可知,应该选C。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。tackle意为“解决,处理”,一般指解决难题或问题;perform意为“完成,执行”,指完成所保证或希望的事情,一般指完成任务;operate意为“操作,运作”,指操作仪器设备;facilitate意为“使便利,使容易”。所填之词的宾语是certain established tasks(某些既定任务),所以应该选B。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题测试词义辨析。deserted意为“为人抛弃的,荒芜的”;existing意为“存在的,原有的”,指目前存在的;withered意为“枯萎的,凋谢的”;outdated意为“过时的,不流行的”。根据the bow and arrow(弓和箭)和spear or javelin(矛或标枪)之间的关系可知,应该选B。
【答案解析】本题测试语法。since引导时间、原因状语从句,引导时间状语时其主句通常用完成时态:if引导条件状语从句;now that引导原因状语从句;as引导原因、时间状语从句以及定语从句,引导时间状语时意为“随着”。civilizations developed与greater work efficiency came to be demanded是伴随性动作,所以应该选D。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题测试短语。as a result意为“结果”;for one reason意为“因为一个原因”;by no means意为“决不”;at any rate意为“无论如何”。根据文章可知,greater work efficiency came to be demanded与工具的发展之间的关系为因果关系,前面句子为原因,后面句子为结果。所以应该选A。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。convenient意为“方便的,便利的”;sophisticated意为“复杂的,完善的”,指非常复杂、精密或尖端的;elaborated意为“详细的,精心制作的”;comprehensive意为“广泛的,全面的”。句子的主语是tools,根据前面的greater work efficiency came to be demanded(满足更高的工作效率需求)可知,应该选用B。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题测试习惯搭配。serve a function是习惯搭配,意思是“起……作用”。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题测试逻辑搭配。inefficient意为“效率低的,效率差的”:effective意为“有效的,有作用的”;adequate意为“适当的,足够的”:sufficient意为“足够的,充分的”。根据后面的at which point an improvement would be made(需要改进)可知,所填之词应该表示否定之意,只有选A。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】本题测试固定搭配。access意为“通路,入门”,通常构成have/gain/get/obtain access to短语;promotion意为“促进,提升”;remedy意为“治疗法,药物”,通常与against、for 搭配使用;quest意为“追求,探索”,通常构成quest for短语。根据后面的for speed and high-quality results可知,应该选D。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】本题测试习惯搭配。at... cost是习惯搭配,意思是“以……代价”。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】本题测试语法。but表示转折关系;and表示并列关系;while引导时间、让步状语从句;thus表示因果关系。they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics与前面的Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions意思转折,所以应该选A。
【答案解析】本题测试词义搭配。trail意为“跟踪,追踪”,指追随……的足迹或气味;trace意为“追溯,探索”,指尽力发现某些已出现或发生的事所留下的记号、痕迹,通常与to搭配使用;trap意为“诱捕,设陷”;test意为“测试,检测”。根据后面的to the development可知,应该选用B。