填空题 将下列短文译为英语。(北京外国语大学2008研,考试科目:英汉互译<同声传译>) 无论如何,创造财富的物质资源,不论其初始分配如何,最终是要通过各种各样的渠道,流入到具有企业家精神的人手里,这是自由市场的一个基本趋势。这些人获得对他人的财富的支配权、使用权,以之为自己创造财富,并积累财富。这正是自由市场具有效率的根源。它可以动态地、自发地把资源从资源利用效率较低的人手里转移到资源利用效率较高的人手里。中国人讲“富不过三代”,其中有一些无奈,但也揭示了自由市场的精髓所在:财富本身并不能充当财富的保障。因为,财富本来就不是财富创造出来的。所以,由于企业家精神积累了财富的人的后代,未必总是能够最有效地利用他们手里所掌握的资源。如果是在身份制社会,这就将损害全社会的资源利用效率。而自由市场向这些家庭提供了足够的制度安排,使之自然地将其掌握的资源交给富有企业家精神的人控制。假如他们不愿意这样做,那市场就会无情地淘汰他们,以破产倒闭的方式使其交出对资源的控制权。市场总是顽固地要把资源转移到能力最高的企业家手里。权力控制经济的社会、身份制社会、国有企业制度,都无法做到这一点,因而其经济整体效率必然要比市场配置资源的社会低很多。所以,假如人们期望市场发挥其高效配置资源的功能,那就根本没有必要去操心成功的企业家退休之时如何安排企业的未来。反正财富、资源是要向具有企业家精神的人手里集中的,只要市场是自由的,这种趋势无人能够改变。那么,对社会来说,最重要的事情是设计种种健全的制度,让那些不具有企业家精神的人可以方便地将其资源控制交给富有企业家精神的人,而企业家只要可以充分发挥其企业家精神、其财产权得到切实保障,自然可以发现、创造出这些制度来。
  • 1、
【正确答案】 1、正确答案:No matter how they are allocated in the first place, the material resources which can create fortune will flow into entrepreneurs" hands eventually through various channels. It is the basic tendency of free market. Those people acquire the right of disposal and the right of use of other people"s wealth to create and accumulate wealth for them. This is the very source of efficiency of free market. It can dynamically and spontaneously transfers the resources from the people who are inefficient in resources use to the people who are efficient in resources use. There is a Chinese saying that "the rich can not last three generations". It has no alternative but also reveals some pith and marrow of the free market:the fortune itself can not be the guarantee of the fortune, because the fortune is not created by fortune. So the descendants of the entrepreneurs who have collected the fortune are not necessarily the people who can use their resources most efficiently. If it was in the ranking society, it will impair the efficiency of resources use in the whole society. While the free market provides sufficient system arrangements to those families and let them naturally hand their resources to the people with the spirit of entrepreneur. If they are not willing to do it, the market will eliminate them mercilessly and force them to hand out the control over resources by means of bankruptcy. The market is always stubborn to transfer the resources to the most capable entrepreneurs. The society whose power controls the economy, the ranking society and the state-owned enterprise system, none of them can do that, so the whole economy efficiency of those systems has much lower efficiency than the society which market allocates the resources. Therefore, if people expect that the market makes full use of the resources, then it is not necessary to worry about how the enterprise"s future is after the retirement of the successful entrepreneurs at all. Anyhow the fortune and resources will flow to the hands of entrepreneurs. And as long as the market is free, nobody can change that tendency. So to the society, the most important thing is to design various sound systems which all let the people without the spirit of entrepreneur hand the resources to the entrepreneurs conveniently, while if the entrepreneurs fully develop their spirit with the good protection of their property right, then those systems will naturally be discovered and created.    
【答案解析】