单选题
Plato-who may have understood better what forms the mind of man than do some of our contemporaries who want their children exposed only to "real" people and everyday events-knew what intellectual experiences make for true humanity. He suggested that the future citizens of his ideal republic begin their literary education with the telling of myths, rather than with mere facts or so-called rational teachings. Even Aristotle, master of pure reason, said, "The friend of wisdom is also a friend of myth."
Modem thinkers who have studied myths and fairy tales from a philosophical or psychological viewpoint arrive at the same conclusion, regardless of their original persuasion. Mircea Eliade, for one, describes these stories as "models for human behavior that give meaning and value to life." He and others suggest that myths and fairy tales were derived from, or give symbolic expression to, initiation rites or rites of passage—such as metaphoric death of an old, inadequate self in order to be reborn on a higher plane of existence. He feels that this is why these tales meet a strongly felt need and are carriers of such deep meaning.
Other investigations with a depth-psychological orientation emphasize the similarities between the fantastic events in myths and fairy tales and those in adult dreams and daydreams—the fulfillment of wishes, the winning out over all competitors, the destruction of enemies-and conclude that one attraction of this literature is its expression of that which is normally prevented from coming to awareness. There are, however, very significant differences between fairy tales and dreams.
There is general agreement that myths and fairy tales speak to us in the language of symbols representing unconscious content. Their appeal is simultaneously to our conscious mind, and to our ideals as well. This makes it very effective; and in the tale"s content, inner psychological phenomena are given in symbolic form.
单选题
In the opening paragraph, the author quotes Plato and Aristotle primarily in order to ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 题目问作者在文中第一段为何引用柏拉图和亚里士多德的观点。第一段中说“...some of our contemporaries who want their children exposed only to "real" people and everyday events...”在我们当今这个时代，有些人希望自己的孩子只接触真实的人和日常活动。而柏拉图知道什么样的智力活动创造了真正的人类。“He suggested that the future citizens of his ideal republic begin their literary education with the telling of myths, rather than with mere facts or so-called rational teachings.”他认为在他理想国度中的未来公民是以讲述神话故事来开始他们的文学教育，而不是仅仅依靠事实或所谓的理性教学。后面又引用亚里士多德的话“智慧的朋友也是神话的朋友。”据此可知，B项“与他们相反的观点形成对比”正确。
单选题
In paragraph 2, the word "persuasion" means ______.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 题目问在第二段中，“persuasion”一词的意思着什么。第二段中的首句说无论其原本的信仰是什么，从哲学或心理学的角度研究神话和童话故事的近代思想家得出同样的结论。在“persuasion”一词前出现了“viewpoint”、“the same conclusion”，据此可知D项“opinion意见，看法”正确，而不应该是B项“convincing force说服力”。
单选题
It can be inferred from the passage that the author"s interest in fairy tales centers chiefly on their ______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 题目问从文中可以推知作者对童话故事的兴趣主要是什么。文中第二段说“Modem thinkers who have studied myths and fairy tales from a philosophical or psychological viewpoint arrive at the same conclusion, regardless of their original persuasion.”无论其原本的信仰是什么，从哲学或心理学的角度研究神话和童话故事的近代思想家得出同样的结论。第三段又说“Other investigations with a depth-psychological orientation emphasize...”其他定位于深蕴心理学的学术研究强调了神话和童话里奇妙的故事与成人的梦想和白日梦的相似之处。据此可知C项“心理关联”正确。
单选题
Which of the following best describes the author"s attitude toward fairy tales?