{{B}} A
Part Ⅰ{{/B}}
1. Baghdad, capital of Iraq with about 7. 4 million inhabitants (2005 estimate), is situated in the interior of the country on the river Tigris at the point where land transportation meets river transportation, and where the distance between Tigris and the other main river of Iraq, Euphrates, is the shortest. The distance to the Persian Gulf is a sailing distance of about 900 km. The distance from Baghdad to the Euphrates is only 50 km.
2. Baghdad is the main transportation hub of Iraq, and is linked with the two most important neighbor countries, Jordan and Syria, with excellent highways. Connections from north to south in Iraq pass near Baghdad. The country's main airport, Baghdad International Airport, lies here as well, now back in use after more than a decade of sanctions on Iraq.
{{B}} B
Part Ⅱ{{/B}}
3. Baghdad has for centuries been the richest and economically most important city of Iraq. This has continued to be the case even after finding oil in other regions, since most of the trade is administered through Baghdad. Since the US/British-Iraq War of 2003 Baghdad has been through a period of much hardship, causing damage to both the production levels and infrastructure. But, except for governmental institutions, which have largely been dismantled and rebuilt, much of the activities of the city remains as before the war. Baghdad has a wide variety of industries, producing leather goods, furniture, wood products, chemicals, electrical equipment, 'textiles, clothing, bricks, cement, tobacco, processed food and beverages. Baghdad is also the centre of financial operations and the headquarters of the Central Bank of Iraq.
4. Most of the national bureaucracy is located here, and for the most part the state is the principal employer in Baghdad. The leading learning institutions are here as well, including 3 universities. Among the industries of Baghdad are oil refineries, food-processing, tanneries and textile mills. Baghdad still has extensive production f handicrafts, like cloth, household utensils, jewelry, leather, felt and rugs.
5. The population of Baghdad has increased dramatically over the last 100 years. As late as 1932, there were 358, 840 inhabitants. The majority are Muslims, and with an Arab identity. There is also a substantial Christian population, and a tiny Jewish population. The Jewish community was heavily decimated in the 1950's. Other ethnic groups come mainly from other regions within the borders of modem Iraq, like Kurds and Armenians. Most Iranians left for Iran in the 1970's and 80's. There are also groups of Indians, Afghans and Turks.
{{B}} C
Part Ⅲ{{/B}}
6. Baghdad is the most important centre of learning in Iraq with the University of Baghdad (established in 1957), al-Mustansiriyya University (established in 1963) and the University of Technology (established in 1974 ). There are more than 1,000 primary schools in the Baghdad governorate, hundreds of intermediate and secondary schools, several occupational schools, technical institutes, and in addition to the 3 universities, al-Bakr Military Academy. Education in Iraq is free on all levels.
7. Baghdad was, prior to the wars of the 1980's and 90's, one of the leading cultural centres of the Arab world. Some of the most famous sculptors, poets and writers have come from Baghdad, or worked in the city. In literature, Baghdad has earned fame for its free-verse poets. Painting is a popular art in Baghdad, and them were until the 2003 war numerous exhibitions well attended by the population. The National Theatre was earlier one of the best equipped in the Arab world, but continued its work even under the embargo. It was however looted during the 2003 war. Since the 2003 war, most of the institutions of Baghdad has suffered hard, especially in terms of finances, but the city has kept its communities of artists, and the major institutions are the process of being rebuilt and reestablished or already operative.
{{B}} D
Part IV{{/B}}
8. Baghdad's city structure is vast, with several centers. The main areas of activities are the quarters around Saadoun and al-Jamoun Streets, on the east hank of the Tigris. These were predominantly built up in the 1970's, but there are many examples of traditional architecture mainly in the outskirts. Along Rashid Street some of the nicest old town houses of Baghdad are found, even if many now are in bad condition. In between the streets, areas of typical Baghdad houses are found. These are distinguished by the 1st floor wooden bays with latticed windows, and inner open courtyards Roads of modern Baghdad are wide and many buildings stand free from other buildings.
9. This especially applies to the western side of the Tigris, with the many governmental buildings, hotels and middle and upper class mansions. Wide highways run through all parts of Baghdad, making it a city that is easy to move around in with a car. There are also tramways or subways in Baghdad.
10. Baghdad has many parks, of which Zawra Park is the most popular. There are also several great monuments, of which the Martyr's Monument of 1983 is the most impressive, with a 50 metre high split green dome at its centre. The areas beyond the Army Canal in the east have been allocated for low-income housing development, housing 20-30% of the city'spopulation.
·the University of Technology was established in 1974? 71. ______.
·most of trade is operated through Baghdad? 72. ______.
·there are many parks and several great monuments in Baghdad? 73. ______.
·Baghdad is linked with Jordan and Syria with excellent highways? 74. ______.
·Baghdad is the most important centre of learning with three universities? 75. ______.
76. ______.
·In literature, Baghdad has earned its fame? 77. ______.
·the distance from Baghdad to the Euphrates is only 50km? 78. ______.
·there are also groups of Indians, Afghans and Turks living in Baghdad? 79. ______.
·In between streets, people can see areas of typical Baghdad houses? 80. ______.