问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate
the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly
on the ANSWER SHEET. In what we like to
think of as "primitive" warrior cultures, the passage to manhood requires the
blooding of a spear, the taking of a head. Leadership too in a warrior culture
is typically contingent on military bravery and wrapped in the mystique of
death. {{U}}{{U}} 1 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}All warrior peoples have fought for the
same high-sounding reasons: honor, glory or revenge, but the nature of their
real and perhaps not conscious motivations is a subject of much debate{{/U}}. Some
discern a materialistic motive behind every fight: a need for slaves, grazing
land or even human flesh to eat; others point to the similarities between war
and other male pastimes. But in a warrior culture it hardly
matters which motive is most basic. Aggressive behavior is rewarded whether or
not it is innate to the human psyche. {{U}}{{U}} 2 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}War, to a
warrior people, is of course the highest adventure, the surest medicine to
disease, the endlessly repeated theme of legend, song, religious myth and
personal quest for meaning{{/U}}. It is how men die and what they find to live
for. You must understand that Americans are a warrior nation.
In many ways, in outlook and behavior the U.S. has begun to act like a primitive
warrior culture. {{U}}{{U}} 3 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}We seem to believe that
leadership is expressed, in no small part, by a willingness to cause the deaths
of others—for lesser offices too we apply the standards of a warrior
culture{{/U}}. Female candidates are routinely advised to overcome the handicap of
their gender by talking "tough." Male candidates in some of the contests are
finding their military records under scrutiny. And as in any
primitive warrior culture, our warrior elite takes pride of place. Social crises
multiply numbingly and our leaders tell us solemnly that nothing can be done.
There is no money. {{U}}{{U}} 4 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}We are poor, not rich, a
debtor nation, and nearly a third of the federal budget flows, even in moments
of peace, to the warriors and their weaponmakers{{/U}}. When those priorities are
questioned, some new "crisis" dutifully arises to serve as another occasion for
armed and often unilateral intervention. A leftist might blame
"imperialism"; a right-winger would call our problem "internationalism." But an
anthropologist, taking the long view, might say this is just what warriors do.
{{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Drowned in their own drumbeats and war songs,
fascinated by the glint of steel and the prospect of blood, they will go forth,
time and again, to war{{/U}}.