单选题 More boys than girls are born all over the world, but a new study has found that the closer people live to the equator (赤道), the smaller the difference becomes. No one knows why.
The imbalanced sex ratio at birth has been known for more than a hundred years, and researchers have found a large variety of social, economic and biological factors that relate to the sex ratio at birth—war, economic stress, age, diet, selective abortion and more. But latitude (纬度) is a natural phenomenon, unaffected by cultural or economic factors.
To look at the effect of latitude, Kristen J. Navara of the University of Georgia used the latitude of the capital city in 202 countries, as well as 10 years of data on sex ratio at birth and annual variations in day length and temperature. Dr. Navara performed a statistical analysis which showed that there was a significant relation between sex ratios in favor of boys and latitude. African countries produced the lowest sex ratios—50.7 percent boys—and European and Asian countries had the highest with 51.4 percent.
There are some possible explanations, but none entirely satisfactory. It could be that there is some survival value in producing more girls in warmer regions, but it is unclear what this might be. There may be genetic or racial differences that could explain it, but the connection persists over so many varied populations that this seems unlikely. Mice also produce more male offspring during shorter days or colder weather, but the reasons in these animals are just as mysterious as they are in humans.
"There's a possibility that humans might be responding to factors they were programmed to respond to a long time ago—not cultural or socioeconomic, but climate and things like latitude," Dr. Navara said. "What's interesting is that we may be seeing something that connects us with our animal ancestry."
单选题 What can be learned from the first paragraph?
  • A. The closer to the equator, the more boys are born.
  • B. Boys are more used to colder places.
  • C. Girls have a higher birth rate than boys near the equator.
  • D. In warmer places the birth ratio between boys and girls is lower.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[考点] 细节推断 [解析] 此题是一道细节推断题,考查考生根据文章上下文内容进行正确的分析推断的能力。问题问从第一段我们可以了解到什么。第一段指出:世界各地出生的男孩比女孩多。但是一项新的研究发现,人们住得越靠近赤道,其差异就会变得越小。言外之意,在赤道附近男孩女孩出生性别差异比较小,即在远离赤道的地方男孩出生的比例高于女孩,而赤道地区是地球上最热的地区,由此我们可以推断出男孩更能适应比较寒冷的地方。因此,本题的正确答案应该是B。 选项A:越靠近赤道,出生的男孩越多,与原文内容不符;C:在赤道附近女孩出生率比男孩出生率要高,原文没有提到;D:在比较温暖的地方男孩和女孩的出生比率都比较低,文章中没有提及。因此这三个选项均为干扰项。
单选题 Out of all the influencing factors of birth ratio, Dr. Navara focuses on ______.
  • A. culture
  • B. economy
  • C. latitude
  • D. stress
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[考点] 细节判断 [解析] 此题是一道细节判断题,考查考生根据文章内容和相关重点细节进行分析判断的能力。问题问在所有影响出生率的因素中纳瓦拉博士关注的是什么。利用查阅式阅读法,我们可以在第三段中找到相关信息。这部分指出:为了研究纬度的影响,佐治亚大学的克里斯汀·J·纳瓦拉采用了202个国家首都城市的纬度数、10年的出生性别比例数据以及白昼长度和温度的年际变化数据。纳瓦拉博士进行了统计分析,结果表明在有利于生男孩的性别比例和纬度之间存在一个显著的关系。由此我们可以推断出本题的答案应该是C,纬度。 选项A:文化;B:经济;D:压力,文章中未提及;这三个选项中虽然文章提到了文化和经济因素,但是不是纳瓦拉博士关注的焦点,所以均为干扰项。
单选题 Dr. Navara reached her conclusion through ______.
  • A. comparing data
  • B. field study
  • C. conducting a survey
  • D. map reading
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[考点] 细节推断 [解析] 此题是一道细节推断题,考查考生根据文章内容和相关重点细节进行总结归纳和推断的能力。问题问纳瓦拉博士是通过什么得出结论的。文章第三段介绍纳瓦拉博士是利用多个国家纬度数据、10年的出生性别比例数据以及白昼长度和温度的年度变化数据进行统计分析得出结论的。所以,本题的答案应该是A,比较数据的方式。选项B:现场研究、田野调查,文章中没有提及与此相关的信息;C:进行调查,文中没有提到纳瓦拉博士做调查的相关信息;D:阅读地图、航图测读,文章中没有提及此方法。这三个选项均为干扰项。
单选题 According to Navara, which of the following probably explains the imbalanced sex ratio?
  • A. There is cultural preference for boys.
  • B. Humans are designed that way by nature.
  • C. Different races have different birth ratios.
  • D. Humans are different from animals in birth ratio.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[考点] 细节推断 [解析] 此题是一道细节推断题,考查考生根据文章中的相关重点细节内容进行分析推断得出结论的能力。问题问按照纳瓦拉博士的观点,下面哪种说法可能解释性别比例失衡。文章最后一段指出:“有一种可能性,即人类可能会对一些因素做出反应,而这些因素是人类很久以前就已程序化来做出反应的因素——不是文化因素或社会经济因素,而是气候和纬度之类的东西,”纳瓦拉博士说,“有趣的是,我们可能会看到将我们人类与我们的动物祖先联系在一起的某种东西。”由此我们可以判断出本题的答案应该是B,人类天生就是这么设计的。 选项A:在文化方面对男孩存在偏爱,文章没有提到;C:不同的民族有不同的出生率,原文对此进行了否定的评价;D:人类与动物在出生率上有所不同,与原文最后一句话不符。因此这三个选项均为干扰项。
单选题 What is the purpose of the passage?
  • A. To tell a mysterious story.
  • B. To report a scientific experiment.
  • C. To explain an interesting phenomenon.
  • D. To argue for a viewpoint.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[考点] 写作目的 [解析] 此题是一道考查考生根据文章整体内容进行总结归纳和分析概括的能力。问题问本文的写作目的是什么。利用浏览式阅读,我们发现文章重点围绕如何解释人类男女出生性别比例差异来写的。文章先介绍一种现象:世界各地出生的男孩比女孩多。但是一项新的研究发现,人们住得越靠近赤道,’其差异就会变得越小。接下来作者通过叙述佐治亚大学纳瓦拉博士的研究发现分析了纬度和气候等非文化社会因素对男女出生性别比例的影响。最后作者指出,人类出生性别比例的差异仍然有许多无法解释的方面,有待于进一步研究。由此我们可以概括推断出本文的写作目的是解释一种现象,探讨该现象背后的原因。所以,本题的正确答案应该是C,解释一种有趣的现象。 选项A:讲述一个神秘的故事;B:报道一个科学实验;D:论证一个观点。这三个选项都不是本文的写作目的,均为干扰项。