单选题
. ①Carla L. Peterson's
Doers of the Word (1997), a study of African American women speakers and writers from 1830-1880, is an important addition to scholarship on nineteenth-century African American women. ②Its scope resembles that of Frances Smith Foster's 1993 study, but its approach is quite different. ③For Foster, the Black women who came to literary voice in nineteenth-century America were claiming their rights as United States citizens, denying that anything should disqualify them from full membership in an enlightened national polity. ④Peterson sees these same women as having been fundamentally estranged from the nation by a dominant culture unsympathetic to Black women, and by a Black intelligentsia whose male view of race concerns left little room for Black female intellect.
11. The passage indicates that Peterson identifies which of the following as obstacles faced by the women included in her study? ______